==

新版第一條：首批AIM-9X量產彈於June 16移交USN/USAF作戰部隊
from p21, August, 2003 AFM

RAYTHEON ANNOUNCED on June 16 that it had delievered the first AIM-9X production missiles to US Navy and US Air Force operational units. The company anticipates that initial operational capability will be achieved later this year on both the F-15C Eagles and F/A-18C/D Hornets. The missile is in its fifth year of a six-year Engineering and Manufacturing Development(EMD) cibtract, AIM-9X will be interfaced with the Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing System(JHMCS) and eventually be intergrated on the USNavy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and US Aur Firce F-15E, F-16, and F/A-22

===

1. 殺鷄焉用牛刀的戰場, 此時不投入垃圾蟲去欺侮弱者, 更待何時??

2. 堂堂美國總統用來表演勝利返航的專用表演機, 參戰數量豈可輸人??

AIN
PARIS 2003 • June 16 & 18
New AGAT seeker in a class by itself
by Reuben F. Johnson

Russia’s chief designer of radar homing missile seekers, Moscow’s AGAT Research Institute (Hall 5A/Rosoboronexport Stand), is unveiling a brand-new seeker design at this year’s Paris Air Show. AGAT general designer Dr. Joseph Akopyan told Aviation International News that this new model, currently designated simply as the extended range active radar seeker, or ARGS-PD, will become the basis of a new class of Russian-designed air-to-air (AAM) and surface-to-air (SAM) weaponry.

“This seeker is unique in its capabilities and performance over previous generation models,” he explained, “and it is also unique in that no other firm in the U.S. or Europe or anywhere else has ever designed such a system.” Akopyan’s new seeker is capable of locking on to targets at more than 44 miles, which is two to two and one-half times the range of other active radar homing seekers, and–depending on the speed and altitude of the target–the missile has an effective range of 125 to 188 miles. “Any weapon that it is fitted with becomes the longest range active homing missile in the world,” he stated.

The ARGS-PD displayed at the AGAT stand is visibly of a larger diameter (an 11-inch antenna) and weight (about 77 pounds) in comparison with a standard medium range air-to-air missile, such as the Vympel R-77 or R-27 models. The size of missile that would employ this type of seeker would be more in the class of the Raytheon AIM-154 Phoenix or the Vympel R-37 missile, the latter of which was a follow-on to the R-33 and was developed for the now-abandoned modernization of the Mikoyan MiG-31 interceptor.

But Akopyan stresses that he did not develop this seeker for the integration with any particular missile. The ARGS-PD was developed on its own initiative and like previous models that the company has showcased, it is a demonstration of the design bureau’s capability and an effort to attract partners for collaboration.

There are two chief reasons why this model seeker is not dedicated to a particular missile airframe. One is that AGAT also intends to produce the seeker in a version adaptable to different models of SAM missiles, much in the same manner that it has already developed a SAM version of its 9B-1103M seeker. Another is that “each missile is different in certain respects,” said Akopyan, adding that, “when you try to adapt a seeker to a missile that it was not originally designed for, you run into problems. Different missiles require unique interfaces, data protocols, optical transmission channels.” For these and other reasons, if AGAT were to receive an order to produce this seeker for a specific missile, it would develop a specialized model for that individual missile based on the design that is being shown here at Le Bourget.

The need for much more battery power–and the significant extra size and weight that this dictates–has been a major inhibitor to developing this type of a seeker in the past, but Akopyan, explained that this problem has been solved through the development of what he calls new principles in the processing of radio location signals. Thus, the power requirements for the ARGS-PD are no more than they would be for the R-77 or another medium range air-to-air missile.

If used on a long-range missile airframe, the ARGS-PD could give an opposing air force the ability to take out strategic targets at distances outside of the normal interception envelopes of U.S. or other NATO fighters. Boeing E-3 AWACS or E-8 JSTARS aircraft–platforms that U.S. forces depend heavily upon in time of conflict–would be vulnerable as never before.

其他傳統非北約盟友﹕
對南韓而言不是什麼馬上得買的東西，因北韓太弱。
以色列跟澳洲如上述已有同級貨。
菲律賓連戰機都沒錢買。
紐西蘭沒需求。
埃及才剛拿到跳樓大拍賣的清倉貨。

這應該跟當初考慮能使用基地和空域有關，因此將重心放在海軍頭上；另
一方面，能掛 JDAM 的蟲也比較多。修改 F-16 讓其裝 JDAM 的進度慢，
錢都優先給 B 字頭的和 F-15E ；然後修改的時程也不好，有些國民兵的
Block 25/30 已經可以丟了，但卻有些 Block 4x/5x 還不能投，真的改
好的又不見得趕得上 AEF 輪調體系。海軍一開始 JDAM 的錢就只砸在蟲上
，結果 OIF 用的炸彈貓都是在海上改成能掛 JDAM 的。

＞不過我是沒看到有任何非美軍單位放話/宣稱/謠傳要買AIM-9X就是了(連NATO國都沒看到)

據路透社消息，美國總審計局於21日表示，美國軍方聯合打擊戰鬥機JSF計劃自1996年開始以來的研發成本已超出預算達119億美元，並且到戰鬥機開始正式生產時的總成本可能達到2000億美元。

　　目前美國已與英國、義大利、荷蘭和五個其他國家簽署協議共同研發聯合打擊戰鬥機，這些國家將支付330億美元研發經費中的至少45億美元。洛克希德.馬丁公司是F-35聯合打擊戰鬥機的主要合約商，該飛機將形成一系列的高度標準化模組戰鬥機家族，可用於美國空軍、美國海軍、美國海軍陸戰隊和主要包括英國在內的美國的盟國。

　　美國總審計局負責採購的負責人辛娜西告訴美國國會議員稱，該JSF/F-35戰機目前研發階段並不需要外國合作夥伴支付多出的成本，並且美國國防部也沒有要求合夥人支付這些不斷增加的經費。辛娜西還向美國眾議院政府改革委員會的國家安全小組委員會表示，聯合打擊戰鬥機計劃未來的成本增加將全部由美國負責，因為在與合作夥伴達成的協議中沒在規定需要他們來分擔增加的經費。
　　

　　辛娜西預測戰機研發計劃的成本將繼續增加，但她沒有預測會增加多少。她說：“聯合打擊戰鬥機計劃不可能不出現無法預測的成本增加、日程延遲和其他控制管理上的挑戰，而這些已經多次在美國國防部的系統採購計劃中出現”。

　　洛克希德.馬丁公司的發言人在談到總審計局的報告時表示，聯合打擊戰鬥機計劃自1996年以來增加的成本都是在合約簽署前，並主要是由於對戰機能力的探討。他稱洛克希德.馬丁公司在計劃中的成本比例大約為60%，在以後還將保持這一比例。洛克希德.馬丁公司是於2001年確定以X-35擊敗波音公司的X-32，獲得JSF/F-35戰鬥機的研發合約的。

　　辛娜西表示，外國的加入可能對支付聯合打擊戰鬥機的研發成本有利，但同時卻增加了研發計劃的挑戰，可能使洛克希德.馬丁公司受到更大的壓力。因為它必須在滿足系統要求，並在控制成本的同時，平衡合作夥伴的需求。

　　美國國防部聯合打擊戰鬥機計劃辦公室負責人傑克.胡德森少將承認國外合作夥伴並不需要承擔成本的增加，但表示美國國防部將保留在“某種情況下”要求他們承擔這種責任的權力。他還稱他期盼外國合作夥伴在要求時能提供幫助，因為他們也在這個“系統的健康和未來成功”上有很大的投資。

　　他表示，美國國防部沒有要求其合作夥伴幫助提供最近在研發成本上增加的30億美元，因為這個增長在“目前協議的活動範圍內”。胡德森還表示他贊同審計局報告中的要求美國國防部嚴格監控對外國合作夥伴的子承包商的合約授予並簡化獲得出口授權的程續。他稱美國國防部已經採取措施謹慎地監控成本，並阻止在其他的武器計劃中出現像F/A-22戰機計劃中的大幅度成本超出。

TTSO兄當會十分有興趣的玩意兒..............

F-35果真是肥的可以...................................

Construction of a new, the eighth, Su-27IB fighter-bomber prototype has begun at the Novosibirsk Aviation Production Association (NAPO) with updated avionics, the general director of the enterprise, Aleksandr Bobryshev, reported to Interfax-AVN on Thursday.

“As of today, we have built seven experimental Su-27IB airplanes which are undergoing state joint tests with the participation of air force and Sukhoy OKB airmen. As a result of the first state of tests, we have begun construction of the eighth experimental SU-27IB strike complex with an updated “face,” A. Bobryshev said.

The NAPO general director noted that it is planned to lift this aircraft into the air at the beginning of next year. “The airplane will join the experimental fleet of Su-27IB aircraft which right now are undergoing state tests, A. Bobryshev said.

According to him, of the seven Su-27IB built earlier, the eighth aircraft will be distinguished chiefly by the aircraft radioelectronic, navigational, communications and sighting equipment.

A. Bobryshev reported that tests of the new Su-27IB strike aerial complex are taking place at the air force’s State Flight Test Center in Akhtubinsk, Astrakhan Oblast’, and the Gromov Flight Research Institute in Zhukovskiy, Moscow Oblast’.

“There are three airplanes at the air force’s GLITs. The remaining aircraft are undergoing tests at the Gromov LII, A. Bobryshev said.

He noted that every experimental Su-27IB aircraft is a flying laboratory for test “of one or the other aircraft equipment in accordance with a defined program.” This is being done to speed up the whole process of the tests.

In the opinion of experts, the article of preliminary conclusion, which was received for the first stage of tests, allows one to speak already about series production of this aircraft.

In the second stage, new modes of the SU-27IB operation are being perfected which have been prescribed in the program. “Questions of the combat use of the on-board weapons both against ground and airborne, as well as against naval targets are being worked through.

In the Su-27IB arsenal are new types of precision aircraft weapons, which were not on one of the domestic airplanes through today. Nearly 70 percent of the whole amount of work on the Su-27IB tests are tests of new types of armament, the experts note.

Source: 24.07.03, Interfax-AVN

Construction of New Upgraded Su-27IB Bomber Begun

Construction of a new, the eighth, Su-27IB fighter-bomber prototype has begun at the Novosibirsk Aviation Production Association (NAPO) with updated avionics.

“As of today, we have built seven experimental Su-27IB airplanes which are undergoing state joint tests with the participation of air force and Sukhoy OKB airmen. As a result of the first state of tests, we have begun construction of the eighth experimental SU-27IB strike complex with an updated “face,” A. Bobryshev said.

The NAPO general director noted that it is planned to lift this aircraft into the air at the beginning of next year. “The airplane will join the experimental fleet of Su-27IB aircraft which right now are undergoing state tests, A. Bobryshev said.

According to him, of the seven Su-27IB built earlier, the eighth aircraft will be distinguished chiefly by the aircraft radioelectronic, navigational, communications and sighting equipment.

He noted that every experimental Su-27IB aircraft is a flying laboratory for test “of one or the other aircraft equipment in accordance with a defined program.”
This is being done to speed up the whole process of tests, the NGS news service reports with a link to AviaPort.RU.

In the opinion of experts, the article of preliminary conclusion, which was received for the first stage of tests, allows one to speak already about series production of this aircraft.

In the Su-27IB arsenal are new types of precision aircraft weapons, which were not on one of the domestic airplanes through today.

Nearly 70 percent of the whole amount of work on the Su-27IB tests are tests of new types of armament, the experts note.

Source: 24.07.03, Regions.RU

Su-24M Tests Underway at GLITs

At the present time, two upgraded Su-24M tactical bomber aircraft are in tests at the State Flight Test Center in the city of Akhtubinsk, and it is planned to complete tests fully of each before the end of this year,

the general director of the Sukhoy Aviation Military Industrial Complex, Mikhail Pogosyan, reported at a ceremony unveiling a memorial to the Su-24M which took place Tuesday on Sukhoy OKB property, Interfax-AVN is sending. According to him, the upgrade and tests are taking place in accordance with an order of the Russian air force, and the upgraded Su-24M will be presented at the forthcoming MAKS-2003 air salon in August, outside Moscow.

The Su-24M is intended for destruction of ground and surface targets in good and poor weather conditions, day and night in the tactical and operational heart of an enemy’s territory. The airplane has a variable geometry wing. The power plant consists of two AL-21F3 engines rated at 11,200 ((kilograms)) thrust each.

The Su-24 has in its arsenal a wide spectrum of missile and bombing weapons, including up to 4 Kh-23, the Kh-28, up to 2 Kh-58, and up to 2 R-60. The composition of the guided missile armament on the upgraded Su-24M has been expanded owing to the use of up to 4 Kh-25L and up to 3 Kh-29L, up to 2 Kh-31P, up to 2 Kh-59 and also KAB-1500L guided aerial bombs.

The Su-24 is built in series at the Novosibirsk Aviation Production Association.

The airplanes crew is two men. Normal takeoff weight is 35,910 kilograms, and maximum is 39,700 kilograms. Normal combat payload is three tonnes and maximum is eight tonnes. The radius of action is up to 570 kilometers, maximum speed is Mach 1.35 and practical ceiling is 11,000 meters.

Source: 24.07.03, Regions.RU

New Aircraft Radar Installed on Su-27KUB Fighter

The newest “Zhuk-MSFEh” aircraft radar (BRLS) developed by the Fazotron-NIIR corporation has been installed on the first carrier-based Su-27KUB experimental combat training fighter, the general director and general designer of the Fazotron-NIIR corporation, Anatoliy Kanashchenkov, reported to Interfax-AVN on Wednesday.

“The new “Zhuk-MSFEh” BRLS with a phased array has undergone fully a whole complex of laboratory and bench tests and revision. Recently the radar was mounted on the Su-27KUB fighter,” A. Kanashchenkov said.

He noted that the Zhuk-MSFEh” BRLS has passed bench tests, having confirmed all estimated data and characteristics. The software was debugged in the bench tests and climatic tests have been performed, A. Kanashchenkov said.

According to him, the “Zhuk-MSFEh” BRLS, earlier designated as “Sokol,” which has passed the ground tests and is installed on the Su-27KUB, is intended for installation on fighters developed by the Sukhoy OKB, has a phased antenna array and has been developed for export deliveries (MSFEh is Modified, Sukhoy, Phased, Export).

According to A. Kanashchenkov, the Su-27KUB flight test program with the Zhuk-MSFEh” still is being coordinated.

“Such a situation is governed by reasons of an organizational nature and are not connected with the need for the resolution of any kind of technical questions,” the manager of the Fazotron-NIIR corporation said.

The “Zhuk-MSFEh” radar has a principally new configuration and architecture of building the antenna array. The radar scan angle is plus or minus 70 degrees (the azimuth coverage is 140 degrees), the agency source reported. According to the estimated data, the new BRLS should detect and simultaneously track over 24 airborne targets and shoot simultaneously at up to 8 targets.

More than 25 enterprises are included in the Fazotron-NIIR corporation. Recently, the annual rates of growth of the production volumes and sales at the corporation have been approximately 50 percent. Delivery of export product is today the main source of funds for the corporation’s development.

http://www.airpower.at/flugzeuge/eurofighter/daten.htm
在這個在下先前已經擇要翻譯過的德文EF-2000戰機介紹網上, 有一個在下先前忽略未翻譯的性能數據資料, 可能間接表示意味了EF-2000戰機擁有不俗的中高空超音速巡航能力........

”在標準空戰構型下（四中二短, 內載燃料籌載不詳, 不過應該不會低於50%）, EF-2000於1,500公尺高度, 最大軍推下的時速可達0.9馬赫／時速1050公里, 此時的耗油速率為85kg/min”

1. 以此估計, 則EF-2000在此高度下, 單靠內載燃料大概可以”近音速巡航”九百至一千公里左右.

2. 根據同網頁的飛行包絡線圖顯示：此時EF-2000在最大後推下於此高度的極速為1.2馬赫, 也就是說, 在1500公尺高度, 標準空戰構型的EF-2000在最大軍推下的極速約為最大後推下極速的75%, 若能以此類推的話, 則EF-2000在最大後推下極速兩馬赫的領域範圍, 其超音速巡航實力...................EADS的”1.5馬赫級潛力說”的依據也許就在於此.............

July 28, 2003, Monday

SUKHOI HOLDING HAS TO SUSPEND THE PROGRAM ON THE CREATION OF SU-49 TRAINING
AIRCRAFT

Krasnaya Zvezda, July 22, 2003, p. 1

A year ago, the Sukhoi company won a tender for researching a piston-engined
airplane for the Russian Air Force and the Russian Organization for Defense
and Sports Techniques (ROSTO). However, the design bureau now has to suspend
the program of creating the Su-49 plane. As reported by Interfax-AVN agency,
the present-day amount of financing disables fulfillment of the research and
development work, launching construction of the first prototypes included.
The Su-49 aircraft was created as a training piston-engined plane for
initial and fundamental training of students of military schools and ROSTO
students. (...)

After Sukhoi won the tender for creation of such plane for the Defense
Ministry in October 2001, a dummy model was researched already in November.
(...)

Due to the unclear state financing, the NAPO, where production of pilot run
was planned, has suspended the staging for the aircrafts serial production.

A TICKET INTO THE STRATOSPHERE

Izvestia (Moscow), July 21, 2003, p. 6

Timur Khikmatov

EADS HAS DECIDED TO BREATHE A SECOND LIFE INTO RUSSIAN MIG-31 FIGHTERS.
EADS HAS DEVELOPED THE MIG-BAS PROJECT, IN CASE OF THE REALIZATION OF
WHICH TOURIST FLIGHTS TO AN ALTITUDE UP TO 30,000 M WILL BEGIN ON THE
MODIFIED AIRPLANES.

The EADS aerospace concern has decided to breathe a second life into
Russian MiG-31 fighters. EADS has developed the MiG-bas project, in case
of the realization of which tourist flights to an altitude up to 30,000 m
will begin on the modified airplanes. Passengers will spend one minute under
weightless conditions for $10,000. And they will get a lot of satisfaction
from the takeoff and the landing. (...)

This sum is approximately equal to the cost of a flight on the Concorde
from London to New York (today a flight on a supersonic airplane costs
$13,374.)

At the moment, EADS specialists are looking for an investor who is ready to
allocate $50-100 million to launch the work on upgrading the Russian
fighters. As the EADS press secretary, Gregory Courcelle, told Finansovye
Izvestiya, a search effort is underway in the United Arab Emirates. There
are some potential investors already, but EADS prefers to avoid naming them.

According to Gregory Courcelle, Russian specialists will be involved in the
MiG-bas project. The MiG corporation confirmed this fact to Finansovye
Izvestia, but denied any detailed comments.

Part of the MiG-31 fleet is in mothballs today. Russian Air Force experts
are not hiding the fact that these aircraft will unlikely be used for their
primary function. Therefore, the EADS proposal has arrived in proper time
for the Russians. The MiG-31 ideally suits the thoughts of the Europeans:
the aircraft with a length of 22.7 m and with a 13.5 m wing span and a
maximum takeoff weight of 46 tons is able to reach the stratosphere in a few
minutes.

A pressurized locking cockpit with large windows, where 12 passengers and an
instructor will be located, will be installed in the upper part of the
MiG-31 fuselage. With a flight ceiling of 20.6 km, the MiG-31 is able to
climb at least 10 km with a minimal fuel reserve. The airplane will go into
a dive from this altitude, and the passengers will find themselves in full
weightlessness for one minute, Gregory Courcelle said.

　　據美國《防衛新聞》7月29日報導，以色列國防部已經正式簽署協議參加由美國領導的多國“聯合打擊戰鬥機”（JSF）計畫的最初研製階段。根據該協議，以色列將出資2000萬美元與該計畫達成有限合作關係，包括使用技術數據、項目研製計劃和工程方案等。以色列國防部7月29日稱，將於8月底在國際JSF計畫辦公室附近設立一個以色列辦公室，該辦公室的官員將由以色列空軍專家和國防部派出的代表組成。
　　
　　以色列曾在2月13日與美國簽訂了一份合作意向書。在該份意向書中，美國國防部同意以色列以安全合作參與者（SCP）的身份加入JSF計畫，並保證在2012年初向以色列交予JSF/F-35戰機，比其他不是參與者但有資格購買JSF的國家要早很多。
　　

　　F-35戰鬥機

　　SCP的身份表明以色列國防部和美國國防部達成了協議。在此之前，以色列曾要求以更高級別的身份參加JSF計畫，並與其他9個參與者一同參加討論。按照現在的協議，以色列將不能與這9個參與者一起討論，但其技術和軍事人員可與美國JSF計畫官員進行雙邊會談。
　　
　　根據美國國防部的清單，JSF計畫的參與者包括：英國是第一層次，投資20億美元；義大利和荷蘭是第二層次，分別投資10億美元和8億美元；加拿大、丹麥、挪威和土耳其是第三層次，分別投資2億美元到4億美元不等。然後才是新加坡和以色列這類僅分攤幾千萬美元的合作夥伴。

------

LCA 總算又進一步，相比之下印度人的動作實在太慢。

http://web.mid-day.com/news/nation/2003/august/60099.htm
LCA Tejas attains supersonic speed
By: PTI
August 1, 2003

Bangalore: In a historic flight, Indias Light Combat Aircraft Technology Demonstrator-1 (LCA-TD1), Tejas, attained the supersonic speed for the first time, Aeronautical Development Agency sources said.
Tejas crossed the sound barrier when it crossed the Mach 1 and reached Mach 1.08 speed at an altitude of 11 km during the flight test carried out by ADA, the sources said.

It is the first time that an Indian-designed combat aircraft has been able to accelerate in a level flight to supersonic speed and hold at that speed, they said.

Todays flight, piloted by Wing Commander Vikram Singh, is Tejass major milestone towards expanding its flight envelop, ADA officials said.

Two other Indian Air Force aircraft - Mirage-2000, piloted by Air Commodore Khoker and MiG-21 by Sq Ldr S Krishna - accompanied Tejas, they said, adding, all the three aircraft flew at supersonic speed together during the flight.

http://home.arcor.de/scorpion82/European%20Air%20Power/Eurofighter%20Typhoon.pdf

Su-24M2 (MAKS 2001).

In March 2001 the first modernized Su-24M flew. It is designated Su-24M2.

The program’s objective was not to exceed 10% of the cost of a new Su-24M. With this objective in mind, the SVP-24 weapons management system was developed. This new system features a MIL-STD-1553b equivalent databus and SV-24 mission computer. The mission computer controls the new Obzor-RVB-T radar signal-processing unit, allowing greater precision in target acquisition and at a greater distance. Due to the new avionics, bombing accuracy is significantly increased with dumb bombs, while the navigation and targeting accuracy has been fine-tuned to approximately 30m due to a new satellite-navigation system using GPS (either NAVSTAR or GLONASS).

In the cockpit, the old monochrome CRT has been replaced with a new model, the OR4-TM. It allows the display of better-quality SAR imagery and facilitates target identification, and is used for cartography, radar and tactical information display. The navigator is now able to mix the radar image with the digital navigation map provided by the new navigation system. There is also a new HUD, the KAI-24. The replacement of the old avionics has resulted in weight savings of 270kg. The upgrade also includes a ground based automated mission preparation and control unit, reducing the time necessary for flight preparation and debriefing.
The Su-24M2 can carry the latest Russian weaponry and export models can employ foreign munitions. For self-defense, it can be armed with the R-73 AAM in place of the older R-60.
The Su-24M2 can be upgraded by VVS technical personnel ‘on base’ (no need for return to a factory) and no particular pilot conversion training is necessary. The modernization sees the airframe life of the aircraft extended to 2,400 hours, nearly 30 years of use.

AVPK Sukhoy Upgrading Su-24 and Su-25 Airplanes

The Sukhoy Aviation Military Industrial Complex (AVPK) is realizing a program of deep upgrade of Su-24 tactical bombers and Su-25 attack aircraft, which are in the Russian Federation’s air force inventory.

In particular, the upgrade of the Su-24M and Su-25 tactical aviation airplanes will allow adding to these aviation complexes multirole properties, provide all-weather and around-the-clock use of aviation weapons systems (ASP), and increase the precision of the destruction of ground and air targets, it says in an AVPK Sukhoy press service report, which arrived at Interfax-AVN on Thursday.

The upgraded Su-25K [sic] single-seat armored subsonic attack aircraft is intended for direct aerial support of ground forces over the battle field by day and night with visual sighting of a target and also objectives with established coordinates around-the-clock in any weather conditions. In particular, owing to the upgrade a two to three times increase in effectiveness is achieved of the destruction of ground objects by conventional and guided munitions, and the maximum combat usage altitude is increased to 7,000 meters. The effectiveness of the destruction of aerial targets is increased by 2 – 2.5 times.

At the present time, Su-25 attack aircraft are in the air force inventory of 17 countries of the world.

The Su-24MK (upgraded) tactical bomber is intended for carrying out missile and bomb strikes in good and poor weather conditions, by day and night, including at low altitudes with targeted destruction of ground and surface targets.

In its upgrade, being installed in addition, in particular, are strap-on cockpit fuel tank armor, new avionics, additional computer equipment and the GPS-Glonass [sic] satellite navigation system. A direct display device also is being installed on the windscreen which increases the capabilities of providing information to the airman in the resolution of navigation and combat application tasks.

As a result of the Su-24MK upgrade, with the installation of the new equipment the coefficient of combat potential in operations against ground (naval) targets is increased by 25 percent, the area of combat applications is expanded and the combat survivability is increased by 30 – 40 percent.

Su-24MK airplanes are in the air force inventory of 11 countries of the world.

核心能力是美國空軍在《全球參與：21世紀空軍構想》和2000財政年度以後的每年《國防報告》中常使用的一個概念，主旨在於強調美國空軍在未來應具備專業知識、空軍技術和科技知識三位一體的能力。到2020年美國空軍應具有六大“核心能力”：

一是獲取航空航太優勢的能力：具備預測和阻止正在出現全球性危機所需要的全面警戒能力。能夠在任何地區發現、確定、評估、追蹤、瞄準和攻擊任何有軍事意義的目標，並能為美國其他軍種行動提供資訊保障。

二是全球快速機動能力：能夠在世界不同地方、環境快速部署和再部署部隊，保證實時機動支援。

三是精確打擊能力：具有十分準確的空中投射或空中投擲、高分辨武器的打擊以及長程全天候準確毀傷能力。

四是奪取資訊優勢：能夠適時蒐集、處理和分發連續不斷的資訊流，剝奪或阻止敵人採取這種行動的能力。

五是全球攻擊能力：要求能夠在最短的時間內對全球範圍內任何需要攻擊的目標實施快速遠程打擊。

六是靈活的作戰支援能力：能夠對作戰部隊快速、靈敏地提供可靠機動和作戰保障。

”核心能力”是美國空軍21世紀遠景規劃的統攬大綱，是連接作戰理論、裝備採購和訂定計劃之間的橋梁。

http://www.af.mil/stories/story.asp?storyID=123005396
B-2 drops 80 test bombs

by 2nd Lt. Brooke Davis
Air Force Flight Test Center Public Affairs

8/8/2003 - EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. (AFPN) -- In an effort to increase the B-2 Spirits operational capability, a test force here conducted an airborne release of 80 Joint Direct Attack Munitions separation test vehicles. The separation test vehicles are inert weapons used to collect data.

The Aug. 6 test was one of more than nine sorties flown as a build-up toward equipping the aircraft to carry and release up to 80 JDAMs on a single missions, according to Mark Burke, 419th Flight Test Squadron project manager. The purpose of the build-up approach is to reduce the risk of aircraft collision with the weapons, explained Burke.

The overall objective of this program is to integrate the Smart Bomb Release Assembly and JDAM-82 into the B-2, said Burke. This improved capability will allow the B-2 to carry 80 JDAMs.

The brains of the SBRA are the Smart Bomb Rack Controller and the Stores Management Operational Flight Program. This allows the weapons to be released at specific intervals, according to Burke. The JDAM-82, a 500-pound smart bomb, is able to communicate with the aircraft through a cable, instructing the weapon to strike a specific target.

The vehicles used during the drop are not considered smart weapons because target data will not be passed to the weapon, said Burke. Data collected from each sortie will be analyzed by the Air Force Seek Eagle Office at Eglin Air Force Base, Fla. Officials use this data to certify the safety of new weapons on aircraft, and the B-2 test program is required to have AFSEO clearance before progressing to the next release sortie.

Once all of the data collected from the STV release is analyzed by AFSEO, the program will progress into the demo phase, said Burke. The demo phase will be an end-to-end test that proves the capabilities of the SBRA and JDAM-82 weapons load.

The demo phase is a two-part mission that will be flown from Edwards to the Utah Testing and Training Range at Hill AFB, Utah, Burke explained.

The demo phase will mark the first demonstration of an airborne platform with the maximum amount of mass-precision capability achieved by the B-2 test program, according to Maj. William Power, 419th FLTS project pilot.

1. EF-2000 Tranch 1（62頁）:
http://home.arcor.de/scorpion82/European%20Air%20Power/Eurofighter%20Typhoon.pdf

2. Rafale B/C/M/N（35頁）：
http://home.arcor.de/scorpion82/European%20Air%20Power/Rafale.pdf

3. JAS-39 A/B/C/D（18頁）：
http://home.arcor.de/scorpion82/European%20Air%20Power/JAS-39%20Gripen.pdf

RAFALE 疾風式戰機

一、 機身尺寸：

翼展寬度：10.80 m

戰機全長：15.27 m

機身全高： 5.34 m

機翼面積： 45.70m 2

機體空重：
空軍單座C型機：9400 kg
空軍雙座B型機：9600 kg
海軍單座M型機：9900 kg
海軍雙座N型機：＞10000 kg

全備起飛：24500 kg

內載燃油：5750 L（單座型）／5300 L（雙座型）
最大外掛燃油：8500 L

===============================================================

二、基本飛行性能諸元：

高空最高時速...........Mach 2.0
低空最高時速...........Mach 1.14
最低飛行速度................115 kts
超音速巡航...............Mach 1.2

起飛跑道長度..........400~600 m
降落跑道長度..........450 m
海平面爬升率.............305 m/sec+
實用升限...................18400 m +

作戰半徑：

A. 長程空戰任務：1852 km（油箱4具，計6600L燃油，MICA AAM*8）

B. 低空穿透打擊：1100 km（油箱3具，計4300L燃油，MICA AAM*4，1000Ib炸彈*12）

C. 飛送航程：
內外載燃料滿載：5593 km
單靠內載燃料：＞2100 km

耐Ｇ限................－3.2至＋9Ｇ（正常操作限度）﹔+12G以上（極限操作）　
最大攻角......................32度／大於100度（持續／瞬間）
最大瞬間／持續迴旋角速率.........每秒32度／每秒24度

正面雷達截面積....約為幻象兩千五的1/10

===============================================================

三、機載引擎：M88-2E4渦扇*2

引擎重量：897kg（M88-2）

最大軍用／後燃推力：5100kg／7650kg

引擎推力重量比：8.53比1

===============================================================

四、偵搜系統：

機載雷達：RBE-2被動陣列雷達／主動陣列升級改良型雷達
a. 尖峰輸出功率：1kw（被動陣列）／不詳（主動陣列）
b. 空戰任務最大偵測距離： 150 km／≧220km
c. 戰機目標偵測距離：≧100 km／≧150km
d. 追蹤同時掃描目標數：40個空中目標／不詳

http://home.arcor.de/scorpion82/European%20Air%20Power/Eurofighter%20Typhoon.pdf

一、 機身尺寸：
翼展寬：10.95 m
展弦比：2.205
機全長：15.96 m
機身高：5.28 m
翼面積：50.0 m2
機空重：11,150 kg（單座型）／11,700 kg（雙座型）
全備重：23,500 kg
空戰重：14500kg
內載燃油：6250 L／4996 kg
最大外掛燃料：4000 L
外掛派龍數：13個（兩翼下4*2，機腹下*5)

二、基本飛行性能諸元：

高空最高時速...........Mach 2.0 @ 11,000 m
低空最高時速...........Mach 1.14
超音速巡航...............Mach 1.2 ~ 1.3
起飛跑道長度.............300~700 m
降落跑道長度.............500~700 m

實用升限：55.000呎至65,000呎

爬升能力（標準空戰構型下）：
海平面爬升率：＞315公尺／秒
開始滑行至離路起飛所需時間：少於八秒
自地面鬆煞車到爬升至9,146公尺處：86秒
自地面鬆煞車到爬升至10,670公尺處, 時速1.5馬赫：少於兩分三十秒

加速能力（標準空戰構型下）：
a. 200節 --> Mach 1：＜30秒
c. 0.9 --> 1.2M：40秒
d. 0.8 --> 1.4M：62秒

耐Ｇ限..................－3／＋9Ｇ（正常操作限度），＋15Ｇ（機體操作極限）
最大瞬間／持續迴旋角速率.........＞每秒30度／＞每秒20度

作戰半徑 (with appropriate weapons loads)
對地打擊：325 nm（601 km），lo-lo-lo
對地打擊：750 nm (1389 km)，hi-lo-hi
空優作戰：750 nm (1389 km)，10分鐘剩餘燃油
空優作戰：100 nm（185 km），3hrs CAP
飛送航程：
a. 3700 km，副油箱*2
b. 2600 km，單靠機內燃料
【具備加裝兩具1500L級CFT之潛力，可使戰機作戰航半平均延伸約25%左右】

三、機載引擎：EJ200-03A渦輪扇發動機*2

最大軍用／後燃推力：6120 kg／9180 kg（平時）
最大軍用／後燃推力：7038 kg／9690 kg（戰時）

旁通比.........................0.4
壓縮比........................26:1
推重比...................8.9~9.2:1

燃油消耗速率
最大軍用推力下...............21~23 g/kN.sec
後燃推力下...................47~49 g/kN.sec

引擎全長.........................4 m
引擎內徑.........................0.74 m
引擎重量..................990 - 1035 kg

四、偵搜系統：

機載雷達：CAPTOR三頻道脈波都卜勒機械掃描式雷達
雷達重量......................................193kg
雷達操作模式...................................33種
雷達尖峰輸出功率................AN/APG-65雷達的兩倍
雷達運算處理能力......................RDY雷達的兩倍
最大偵測距離..............................＞300 km
戰機大小目標偵測距離....................≧130~160km
多目標作戰接戰能力.......TWS20個目標，同步攻擊6~8個

一、 機身尺寸：

翼展寬：8.40m
機全長：單座A型14.10 m、雙座B型14.75 m
機身高：4.50 m
翼面積：24.80 m2
機空重：單座A型6622 kg、雙座B型7160 kg
內載燃料：2270 kg
最大外掛燃料酬載：3300 L
最大起飛重：13000 kg
防空起飛重：8700 kg

二、 飛行性能：

（拜先進氣動構型設計之賜，JAS-39的drag-force特低，因此雖然JAS-39在引擎動力與空戰推重比性能表現上平平無奇，可是其在實用升限、緊急攔截爬升性能、加速性能、轉彎性能、最大攻角等諸多攸關攔截性能的指標表現上都足以與較其體型大得多的EF-2000A空優戰機分庭亢禮，不愧是史上最強的局地防空戰機。）

高空最高時速：1.8 Mach+
海平面最高時速：1.15 Mach
超音速巡航性能：1.08 Mach
緊急爬升性能：自地面鬆煞車至爬升到10000 m處，約2 mins； 爬升到14000 m處，約3 mins．
實用升限：＞14000 m
加速能力：低空自0.5M加速至1.1M，30secs。
轉彎性能：30度／秒（瞬間），20度／秒（持續）
最大攻角：50度（FCS穩定攻角上限），110度（瞬間攻角極限）
持續耐Ｇ限：-3 ~ +9 G；機體結構承受上限：+10 ~ +12 G
（為了避免飛行員因劇烈的G值變化昏迷失事，瑞典開發了新型抗Ｇ服供其飛行員配備使用；這款新型抗Ｇ衣的抗Ｇ能力極為優異，據說當戰機機動至9G的時候，飛行員所感受到的Ｇ值只有5~6Ｇ而已；所以理論上，在緊急狀況下JAS-39飛行員可以做出12G的緊急瞬間機動。）

起飛跑道長：400~600 m
降落跑道長：350~400 m（14度攻角，落地時速235km）
〔利用前翼, JAS-39據稱因此縮短了17%的起飛滑行距離與28%的降落滑行距離〕

最大續航距離：3000 km
CAP（AIM-120*2, AIM-9L*2, 兩具副油箱）：可在距離基地385km處執行巡邏任務兩小時
Lo-Lo-Lo打擊任務半徑：648km（1000磅級GBU-16*3）
Lo-Lo-Lo打擊任務半徑：833km（1000磅級GBU-16*2＋副油箱*1）
Hi-Lo-Hi反艦作戰Range：500km（RBS-15F ASM*2）
點至點最大飛送航程：2778km

三、 引擎動力：RM-12渦扇引擎*1
引擎重量：1055 kg
最大軍推：12140Ib（54kN）
後燃推力：18100Ib（80.51kN）

四、 火控雷達：PS-05/A脈波都卜勒雷達
空對空偵測距離：約可在120km處偵測到典型戰機大小目標。
多目標攻擊能力：追14打4。

2001年：Ａ／Ｂ型機生產線結束，改換為Ｃ／Ｄ型機生產線

2002年08月14日：首架量產Ｃ型機(No. 39-208)進行處女航

2002年09月06日：FMV接受第一架量產Ｃ型機，並決定將總數20架的MK3構型Ａ型機全數升級為Ｃ型機，使瑞典空軍預定使用的Ｃ／Ｄ型機總數達到84架．

2004年一月起：Ｃ／Ｄ型機正式進入全戰備階段

JAS-39 C/D的研發宗旨，主要在於升級機上的各項機載航電裝備使其跟得上時代潮流需求，同時強化其多用途作戰能力，且著重與其他北約國家空軍標準配備的共通與互通性，以利於未來和其它北約國家空軍進行協同作戰，順利執行海外快速反應打擊與維和等多元化任務．

JAS-39 C／D”超級GRIPEN”的升級改良範圍：
1. 機體結構方面：

A. 強化機身結構強度，使機體空重從Ａ／Ｂ型機的6622 kg／7160 kg提升至7400 kg／7700 kg，全備起飛重量提升至14,000 kg以上，最大外掛酬載從4000 kg提高至5300 kg．

B. 加裝空中加油管．

C. 降低減少 radar echoing area，（可能）使用吸波塗料，強化其雷達低可視度性能．

D. 機腹縱列式雙發半隱藏飛彈發射器

2. 動力系統方面：

A. RM-12引擎：換裝新型Turbine, Flame Holder與FADEC，提昇其推力等方面性能．

B. 換裝新型符合噪音公害規定標準的APU，其輸出功率更強，且噪音與操作成本更低。

3. 座艙航電方面：

A. 以三具6.25 * 8.25英吋的大型全彩液晶MFD取代原有的5 * 6英吋的單色CRT，使其SA掌握能力大幅提高；瑞典方面宣稱：JAS-39C/D擁有當今世上數一數二的”大螢幕”，目前只有老美猛禽才能與其相提並論．

B. 更符合人因工程的操控界面設計

C. oxygen-producing system (OBOGS)與空調強化

4. 電子系統方面：

a. MK4規格航電，任務電腦換裝為全新的D96模組化超級電腦，記憶容量與處理速度均有所提升。

b. MIL-STD-1553B data bus 數量增加至五套。

c. 換裝MPEG-2數位式錄影記錄器。

d. 換裝NINS新型整合式導航系統（ILS + TERNAV + INS/GPS）。

e. 換裝NILE新型整合式著陸系統

f. TARAS (Tactical radio system) + CDL-39 (Communication and DATA left 39). The TARAS makes a simultaneous, digital and secured audio and data communication possible on VHF and UHF channels. The TARAS and the CDL-39 besides by the all digital, disturbance-resistant frequency jump radio system Rockwell Collins Ra90 are supported.

g. Radar:
In addition new computers for the radar are intended, which are to increase the Stoerungsresistens and the reliability by 50 %.

h. EWS-39第二代整合式電戰系統（初期型JAS-39A/B的電戰系統只有RWR、ECM模組以及兩具翼尖BOP403干擾絲／火焰彈撒佈器，EWS-39將增添兩具派龍攜帶BOP402 反制措施撒佈器、一具雷射警告裝置、一具飛彈近迫警告器和一具BOL500拖曳式RF誘餌。）

i. 不久的將來（2005？？）預定加裝IRST與HMD, 以搭配IRIS-T AAM。

5. 武器系統升級方面：

a. Meteor中長程衝壓推進AAM（預定2012年成軍）

b. IRIS-T影像紅外線短程AAM （預定2005年成軍）

c. Litening II莢艙＋GBU-10/12/16 Paveway II LGB（自2003年起配備）

d. KEPD-150/350 TAURUS距外遠攻飛彈（預定2005年成軍）

GRIPEN從A/B型升級成C/D型, 其作法理念與過程和我方的經國號-->聯合攻擊載具頗有異曲同工之妙, 頗值得作為我方的參考借鏡............
不過個人認為, JAS-39 C/D的研發也透露出要將輕型機硬塞成多用途打擊戰機所會遇上的問題：重量上升過度導致推力明顯不足, 作戰航程也頗為可慮; 依照上述資料, 如今JAS-39 C/D的空重已經增高至與MIRAGE-2000和F-16 A/B同級乃至略為超過的地步, 但是內載燃油卻未見提升, 而原本對JAS-39 A/B而言都顯得有些不夠力的RM-12引擎, 如今在C/D型上更是雪上加霜：空重7400~7700公斤, 內載燃料2270公斤, 最大軍推／後燃推力5500公斤／8200公斤, 這幾乎是AJ-37, 幻象F-1等級的推重水準；雖說文中聲稱RM-12也有所改良以提升推力, 但哪怕是提升至目前F414的程度, JAS-39 C/D的推重比水準也不過約略與幻象兩千相當, 其超重與推力不足程度之嚴重, JSF與超級塑膠蟲也得甘拜下風..........

這兩國都有非俄系武器，這種決定不令人驚訝。我比較好奇的是 SU-30MKI 整合完畢後到底會有哪些攻擊武器。

The Economic Times

August 10, 2003

MALAYSIAN AIR FORCE TEAM VISITS PUNE BASE

Siddhartha D. Kashyap

PUNE: An eight-member Royal Malaysian air force team, led by the director of
operations, major general Dato Azizan Bin Ariffin, visited the Lohegaon air
force base on Thursday, to familiarise themselves with the training and
maintenance activities of the advanced Sukhoi-30 MKIs.

While IAF officials at the Lohegaon base here said that the visit was to
basically acquaint the senior officials with the advanced fighter jets, as
the latter has plans to induct them in the armoury in the near future,
sources from the South West Air Command headquarters said that the proposed
Su-30 MKM offered to Malaysia by the Russian manufacturer is basically a
derivative of Su-30 MKI, and the purpose of the teams visit was to study
all its aspects.

The Russian company, which is already in talks with the Malaysian airforce
on the issue, has also requested the Indian government to set up a regional
centre for integrated logistical support for Su 30 MKI jets in the country,
the official said.

This is not the first time, however, that the IAF has offered assistance to
RMAF. During 1994-95, IAF had conducted ground training on Mig 29 aircrafts
for their Malaysian counterparts.

超級塑膠虫即將邁入AESA世代..............

還在那裡窮折騰磨姑的歐洲三代半啊..........你們不覺得丟臉可恥嗎？？？？.........

口胡................老歐你們這些溫吞水兼二半調子啊, 在AESA雷達科技實用化之路上一再磨蹭拖延耽擱的結果, 現在別說是F-35, 就連超級塑膠蟲都有可能在國際市場上吃死你們的三代半寶貝們啊.....

一擊必殺軍武網......................

新加坡希望若採購F/A-18E/F,能安裝AN/APG-79主動電子掃描相位陣列（AESA）雷達
2003/8/18

國軍將用1000億強化作戰系統 美國兩大軍火商聯盟競爭
2003-08-19

台灣19日消息：在美方敦促下建立的中華民國國軍三軍聯合作戰指揮、管制、通訊、情報系統“博勝專案”，第一階段納入的國軍單位已大致確定，預算需求至少要新台幣四百六十餘億元。美國兩大武器商聯盟正介入競爭承包即將公佈的第二階段方案，預計兩階段合計預算一千億台幣以下。
　　
據了解，第一階段“博勝一號”將在國軍各單位及作戰平臺上配備資料鏈終端機。空軍在六十架F-16A/B BLOCK 20 、廿架幻象2000-5Ei/Di 戰機、六架E-2T 預警機、作戰管制中心及三個地區戰管中心的“強網自動化管制系統”上裝置Link-16 資料鏈終端機，但台灣自製F-CK-1A/B經國號戰機不列入加裝計劃。

ａ：沒有先進匿蹤設計, 沒有資料鍊, 沒有先進整合電戰, 空中加油能力也不知從何處籌得........聯合打擊載台境外決戰計畫果然只是說說而已

　　
　　海軍作戰中心及作為特遣部隊旗艦的兩艘成功級飛彈巡防艦、三艘康定級巡防艦及四艘紀德級飛彈驅逐艦，將裝用Link-16 ，並與海軍“大成”指管系統整合，但海鋒大隊雄風反艦飛彈不納入。

卡達打算拋售十架98年份Mirage2000-5, 印巴搶著要..........

http://www.defense-aerospace.com

India keen to buy 10 Mirage 2000-5s from Qatar: report

Date line: NEW DELHI
The Indian Air Force (IAF) has strongly recommended the purchase of 10 Mirage 2000-5 from Qatar which arch-rival Pakistan is also trying to acquire, a report said Sunday.

The acquisition of the 10 nuclear-capable Mirages was discussed by the Defence Acquisition Council, the apex body in the defence ministry which looks into the purchase of weapon systems, the Indian Express reported.

The Mirage 2000-5 is a multi-role combat aircraft which is technically superior to Mirage 2000s which New Delhi already has, the report said.

Qatar bought the aircraft from France in 1998 but has decided to sell them, the report said.

Indian Deputy Prime Minister Lal Krishna Advani had discussed the issue with officials in Doha during a stop-over visit in January.

The IAF also sent a team to evaluate the aircraft, which found them nearly brand new.

The report said New Delhi was particularly interested in the deal as Islamabads acquisition of the 10 Mirage 2000-5 could blunt the IAFs current technical superiority over the Pakistan Air Force.

New Delhi was also awaiting the delivery of an additional 10 Mirage 2000s from Frances Dassault Aviation, which is expected in mid-December, the report added.

Indias air force fleet consists mainly of the Russian designed MiG-21 jets which have acquired the dubious name of flying coffins because of frequent crashes involving the aircraft.

The IAF, the worlds fourth largest, has lost at least 273 MiGs, worth tens of millions of dollars, in crashes between 1991 and 2003, killing more than 100 pilots, according to official figures.

The IAF also has some British-made Jaguars, besides Mirage 2000s from France.

巴基斯坦將從比利時採購改良型F-16A/B;傳聞獲中國允售J-10
2003/8/23

　　美國《航太日報》2003年8月21日報導：據巴基斯坦外交官稱，該國計畫從比利時採購36架F-16A/B戰隼戰鬥機，並已經就此轉讓計畫和美國政府間完成了談判。另外，還將跟美國採購6架C-130力士運輸機。

　　在美國總統布希說完:原先巴國跟美國訂購後被禁運扣留的F-16A/B不屬於美國對巴基斯坦30億美元援助計畫的一部分後;巴國立即在美國政府授意下和比利時進行了這項交易，可謂發展非常戲劇性。但是6架跟美國購買的C-130則包括在援助計畫之內。巴基斯坦外交官說，該運輸機將能增強巴基斯坦的國防能力和提高巴基斯坦在該地域實施人道主義救援任務的能力。

　　巴基斯坦外交官還說，比利時以前從美國購買了F-16A/B，近年該批戰機又經過先進的性能提升 ; 華盛頓已批准比利時將其轉售給巴基斯坦。

　　巴基斯坦本想購買70架F-16A/B來增強空軍戰力，以對抗印度的新型SU-30MKI戰機 ; 但最終協議僅36架。而印度外交部的一位官員卻說，印度此前已強烈要求比利時不要銷售F-16A/B戰機給巴基斯坦。

　　印度國防部官員說，如果這項巴基斯坦和比利時之間的交易通過，印度可能尋求獲得更多多功能戰鬥機來因應。

　　巴基斯坦於1981年首次採購F-16A/B戰機，1988和1989年再次訂購。但是，由於巴基斯坦進行核試驗，美國實施禁運而未交予最後28架已訂購並生產完畢的飛機。

另據巴基斯坦防衛網空軍版的報導，美國授意比利時轉售36架改良型F-16A/B戰隼戰鬥機給巴基斯坦，美國政府與軍方高級官員就此事和巴基斯坦會商時，曾透露美方希望巴國能減少對中國製FC-1戰機的採購量 ; 而巴基斯坦並未同意。

比利時有約一百多架的F-16 MLU 。在 2015年以前比利時的嚇阻、防空、支援地面部隊以及偵察全靠F-16。比利時空軍除了約七十架 F-16 執行北約任務外，約一個中隊的 F-16 作為戰備用，另有約三十架封存。傳聞的比、巴交易便是跟封存戰機有關。

航太日報(Aerospace Daily)為小型新聞媒體，該報的消息可信度並非都很高。巴基斯坦買幻象、F-16 、或殲十的消息在沒正式簽約前我不會相信。我不認為美國會在否決自己出售 F-16 時還同意比利時賣，這根本不符合邏輯。

Cobrachen前輩先前在他欄空優型UCAV可行性論戰中提到的新聞消息..........

美國《航空周刊》2003年8月18日當期岀刊報導，波音公司一個稱為幻象的工作小組設計的電腦工具，可讓美國空軍飛行員未來能從F-15E上操縱無人飛行載具。

　　波音公司可能在兩年內展示F-15E，或者類似的雙座攻擊機作為母機，操縱高速、匿蹤無人飛行載具的功能，使發送到攻擊機前面的無人飛行載具測定防空陣地的位置或者核實時間敏感性目標的位置。
　　新計畫正在追蹤幻象工作小組取得的技術進步，他們目前正在驗証指揮和控制無人飛行載具與F-15E之間的雙向Internet式鏈接。因為F-15E在設計上是用來更快、更精確地攻擊活動地面目標的。這種鏈接的目標是要驗証許多節點（包括無人飛行載具）能附加到一個攻擊Internet。將來的計畫可能要給戰鬥型無人飛行載具增加任務，令其攻擊敵方防禦堅強的目標。避免有人駕駛戰機和飛行員冒險。

　　波音公司幻象工作小組網絡中心戰主管溫特說：僅僅把圖像推進飛機座艙是一個舊新聞。這已在若干平台上作到了。它更像是一場網絡會戰，我們認為合作能力是重要進步。

　　 幻象工作小組的下一步計畫將擴大網絡，驗証F-15E飛機能夠與波音公司X-45之類高速的戰鬥型無人飛行載具在動態、快速移動戰場上空聯合作戰。F-15E有後座武器系統操作員的優點，他能夠集中注意力與無人飛行載具合作執行監視目標並且在獲得批准時攻擊它們。F-15E並非匿蹤戰機，可能待在敵方防空火力殺傷範圍之外操縱戰鬥型無人飛行載具攻擊敵人防禦最強的心臟地帶，擴大其飛行作戰的有效性。

　　溫特說：我能夠想象到F-15E能在防區外成為戰鬥型無人飛行載具的空中管理者。空軍軍官往往稱它為母機。它能保持一定距離並有裝備若干顯示器的後座。你能想象得到，若干管理功能可能在單座平台上做不到。有人平台可以告訴正在鬆散編隊中飛行的戰鬥型無人飛行載具飛離，執行某項任務和返回。因此，除了在資料鏈傳送活動圖像以外，還要給戰鬥型無人飛行載具執行戰鬥下達任務和協調。
　　 幻象工作小組的新計畫之一稱為嵌入系統資訊球互用性展示（ESIID），計畫於2005年初展示。它將比目前的計畫增加更多節點，包括無人飛行載具。

　　溫特說：我們正在注視X-45A，如果能獲得的話，或者是一架T-33，裝上戰鬥型無人飛行載具的航空電子，可作為戰鬥型無人飛行載具的替代飛機使用。使用真的戰鬥型無人飛行載具將是我們測試所期望的首位大事。

航太日報正如同上次聲稱美國同意賣 F-16 ，此次也將相關國家的互動以過於夸大的手法報導出來。

Belgium considering Pak request for F-16s

By Zia Iqbal Shahid

BRUSSELS: Belgium officially confirmed on Monday that Pakistan has made a formal request to provide up to two squadrons of F-16 fighter planes and the Belgian defence ministry, in its initial response, seems inclined to oblige Pakistan by providing the required number.

Belgium Defence Minister Andre Flahaut has reportedly expressed his optimism that there would be no problem in selling F-16 fighter jets to Pakistan. Belgium had bought the F-16 planes from the US and the contract stipulated that Belgium could only sell them with the approval of the US. The dossier (F-16) has not yet been examined, therefore, we have not
initiated consultation with the US as yet, the Belgian defence minister is reported as saying.

According to a report, leaders of a Belgian political party, Flemish Greens, have expressed their reservations on the proposal of selling fighter jets to Pakistan as they believe that F-16s could be deployed carrying nuclear warheads. In the light of the tension between Pakistan and India the sale of F-16s to Pakistan would be unacceptable, the Flemish Greens party has told the Belgian government.

The Belgian government will have to consult other EU member states before seeking permission from the US administration for the F-16 sale deal with Pakistan. Defence experts in Brussels have indicated that Pakistan made a formal request to the Belgian government to provide F-16 jets after informally consulting some important members of the US administration.

It is unlikely that the Americans would have a problem with Belgium selling its F-16s to Pakistan. Americans are very pleased with President Pervez Musharraf and they always applaud his role in the fight against al-Qaeda, the defence specialist of the coalition SPA (Flemish Socialists), Dirk der Maelen reported as telling the Belgian government.

Maelen, however, insists that before taking the decision to sell F-16s to Pakistan, the Belgian government will have to carefully examine the situation in South Asia, simultaneously agreeing to the notion that the threat of a war in South Asia had decreased enormously since last year.

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/

September 3, 2003, Wednesday

THE SU-17 FIGHTER-BOMBER

Aviapanorama, No. 2, 2003, pp. 88-91

A. Yavorsky

MANY FORMER MEMBERS OF THE WARSAW PACT CONTINUE USING THE SU-17
FIGHTER-BOMBER AND ITS MODIFICATIONS DESPITE THE FACT THAT ITS FIRST
VERSION WAS CREATED IN 1969.

BODY:

The Su-17 fighter-bomber is designed for breaking through an enemys
anti-aircraft system at a low altitude, destroying ground-based targets
using guided missiles, unguided bombs and artillery weapons, neutralizing
ground-based radio-locating stations using guided missiles, and destroying
air targets (a secondary task).

(...) Production of the Su-17 fighter-bombers was launched in
Komsomols-on-Amur in 1969; it replaced the Su-7B warplane in the plants
assembly workshop in 1971. (...)

The Su-17 had a range of new technical solutions: the fuselage was equipped
with a fuselage spine fairing (like on the Su-7U); two additional hanger
brackets were attached to the center-section of the wing (in all, the
warplane had six hanger brackets). The warplane was equipped with improved
landing gear, which made it possible to replace wheels with skies. The
hydraulic system presented a modernized version of the system used on the
Su-7: the system had additional hydraulic motors, which controlled the
shape of the wings. The quantity of extra fuel tanks increased to four.

The onboard electronic hardware was upgraded. The Su-17 had the R-832M
radio station, the RV-5 radio altimeter, the Sirena-3 anti-radar system,
the RSBN-5S navigation and landing system, the Pion antenna-feeder system,
the SAU-22-1 automatic control system, and the Delta radio-command guidance
line for the X-23 guided missile. The Su-17 inherited the SOD-57M and
SRO-2M transponders, the ASP-PF-7 optical sight, the SPD-5M tellurometer,
the PBK-2 bomber sight, the MRP-56P receiver, and the ARK-10 radio compass.

The Su-17 fighter-bomber had several modifications equipped with the Fon
laser range-finder or the Klen-PS laser range-finder and target designator,
the KN-23 navigation complex, the IKS-8 inertial navigation system, the
ASOP-17 optical sight (instead of the ASP-PF-17) or the ASP-17B optical
sight (instead of the PBK-3-17), the PBK-3-17S combined bomber sight
(instead of the PBK-2), the DISS-7 Doppler rate and drift meter, the A-031
radio altimeter, the SPO-15 Bereza-L (instead of the Sirena-2) anti-radar
system, the SAU-22M1 (instead of the SAU-22-1), the KDS-23 unit of infrared
traps, containers for the X-28 and X-25P missiles, the ASO-2 containers
with 32 LO-56 chaffs, the ARK-22 automatic radio compass (instead of the
ARK-10), a countermeasures complex, the Tester flight recorder, and the
R-862 transceiver.

New modifications of the Su-17 were equipped with the AL-21F-3 engines. The
Su-17M modification also had a range of structural peculiarities. The
dimensions of the tail-end of the warplane were reduced thanks to the
higher engine thrust. As a result, the warplane was equipped with
additional fuel tanks. The fuel system was altered: soft fuel tanks were
replaced with built-in modifications. Rearrangement of the fuselage made it
possible to remove side fairings. Enhanced aerodynamic characteristics and
the new fuel system and engine made it possible to increase the range of
flight of the Su-17M by two-thirds in comparison with the original version
(the Su-17); the takeoff run went down by 15%. The maximum weight of
weapons increased to 2,500 kg (a bit later the weight of weapons went up to
4,250 kg).

The warplane was armed with free-falling bombs (high-explosive,
fragmentation, fire, and vacuum bombs) weighing to 500 kg each, and up to
six S-24 and S-13 unguided rockets (80 and 122 mm respectively). A bit
later the warplane was armed with the S-25 unguided rockets with a caliber
of 325 mm. In addition, the fighter-bomber could carry the KAB-500L guided
bomb, the RBK-500 bomb cartridge, and the KMGU and KMGU-2 containers for
portable cargo.

Originally its guided weapons consisted of only two X-23 air-to-ground
guided missiles. New modifications of the Su-17 fighter-bomber were armed
with the X-25ML and X-29L guided missiles with laser homing heads, the
X-29T missiles with television homing heads, the X-25MR anti-radar
missiles, and the X-58 and X-25MP missiles (the Su-17M3). Air-to-air guided
weapons included the R-60 or R-60M missiles.

Artillery weapons included two NR-30 built-in guns (30 mm) with 80 shells
and two SPPU-22-01 suspended mounts with the GSh-23 guns (23 mm) with 260
shells. The SPPU-22 mounts are designed for aiming guns at ground-based
targets. The Su-17M4 could carry four SPPU mounts. A bit later the
fighter-bomber was equipped with additional mounts (instead of the SPPU-22)
for the UPK-23 guns (23 mm).

The cockpit of the Su-17 fighter was equipped with the KS-4s-32 ejection
chair, which was replaced with the K-36D, K-36M or K-36DM ejection chairs
created by G.I. Severin in later versions of the fighter-bomber. The
cockpit of the Su-17M4 was armored with 18-mm aluminum shields. An
additional armored shield protected the engine of the Su-17M3 and Su-17M4
versions.

At the same time, the design bureau created the Su-20 modification of the
Su-17M - this was an export version of the fighter-bomber. The Su-20 had
simplified onboard electronic hardware and weapons. The Su-22 was an export
version of the Su-17M2 warplane. The Su-22 was equipped with the R-29BS-300
turboprop engine (as were the MiG-23BM and MiG-27 fighters). This engine
was cheaper but bigger than the AL-21F-3, which necessitated expanding the
tail-end of the warplane.

The Su-17M3 became the foundation of the Su-22M export version, which was
equipped with the R-29BS-300 engine and simplified onboard hardware. The
Su-22M3 version was equipped with the avionics of the Su-17M3
fighter-bomber. The Su-22U training plane was an export version of the
Su-17UM aircraft (the R-29BS-300 engine).

The Su-17UM training plane was equipped with onboard hardware of the
Su-17M3 fighter-bomber in 1978 - this version was produced under the
Su-17UMZ name (with the Su-22UMZ export version).

The Su-17M4 fighter-bomber was the last modification of this warplane. It
had more sophisticated onboard electronic hardware, a fixed cone of the air
inlet, smaller fuel tanks, an additional air-conditioning inlet located in
the keel, the K-36DM ejection chair, and a wide range of guided weapons. (...)

The Su-17M3-R and Su-17M4-R were designed for conducting reconnaissance
operations: these modifications were equipped with the KKR-1/54
reconnaissance containers. The containers contained an aerial camera, a
side-looking radar, and infrared system and illuminating cartridges. In
addition, such warplanes were equipped with countermeasures complexes. Some
export versions of the warplane (Su-20R, Su-22R, Su-220M3-R and Su-22M4-R)
were upgraded into reconnaissance planes.

The design bureau developed another version of the Su-17 fighter-bomber
with a new wing shape (however, this project was never built). It was
supposed that the warplane would have better flight characteristics and
higher maneuverability. The design bureau planned to equip the warplane
with the Al-31F engine, enhanced onboard electronic hardware, and new
weapons. (...)

Taking into account the fact that many Su-17, Su-20, and Su-22 warplanes
were exported to foreign countries, the Sukhoi design bureau has repeatedly
proposed these nations to upgrade their air fleets. This issue has become
very topical now because many former members of the Warsaw Pact, which have
warplanes of this type, seek to become NATO members but do not have enough
money to purchase Western warplanes.

According to Russian sources, foreign armies have over 800 such warplanes
(300 in the CIS).

(...) Poland is the focus of the design bureaus attention: the Polish Army
had 88 Su-22M4 and 18 Su-22M3 fighter-bombers in 1999.

Moscow Desires New Missile For S-400 SAM

By Nikolai Novichkov, JDW Correspondent, Moscow

Russias Almaz Central Design Bureau has completed state trials of the new
S-400 surface-to-air missile (SAM) system using the 48N6 missile, which is
deployed with S-300PMU2 (Favorit) and S-300PMU1 SAM systems.

However, contrary to the recommendations of the state commission, Russian
Deputy Defence Minister Col Gen Alexei Moskovsky, who is responsible for
defence procurement, has indicated that the 48N6 missile will not be
deployed with the S-400, which is designed to fire not only new generation
missiles, but those currently in service, including the 48N6.

The new S-400 SAM system must only be deployed with a new missile. The use
of the system with the 48N6 missile will not resolve the problem of air
defence for our deployed forces nor will it adequately protect the
countrys territory, Gen Moskovsky told Janes Defence Weekly.

The use of the new ground equipment together with the old missile will not
radically improve the performance of the S-400 system. Its increased combat
effectiveness will not exceed that of the S-300PMU2 system by more than
10-15%. Most likely, therefore, a decision will be made to optimise this
system for the new missile, Gen Moskovsky said. The S-400 will begin
tests in 2004, fitted with the new missile. The entire testing cycle will
last for no less than one and a half years.

Gen Moskovsky said that only one prototype of the S-400 was available for
testing at the Kapustin Yar missile test range in Kazakhstan. This system
was built eight years ago and requires modernisation. Firing trials of the
S-400 will continue using a second prototype, whose design will be
optimised based on trial results obtained in recent years, Gen Moskosky said.

The second development prototype from the 40N6 family of missiles will be
manufactured by the newly-formed Almaz-Antey Concern of Air Defence,
leading to the preparation of technical documentation and the series
production of the S-400 SAM fitted with the new 40N6 missile.

Starting this year, the Russian Defence Ministry will begin formulating its
arms procurement programme for the period up to 2015, the general said. In
this programme, we shall be able to set the task of creating a single
air-defence missile system for all the armed services. So far, the system
has not yet been approved as a single multi-purpose weapon, he said.

Gen Moskovsky did not specify what new missile would be deployed with the
S-400 system. However, JDW understands that the S-400 will use three new
missiles whose development is held up for lack of funding. The Fakel Design
Bureau has developed two solid propellant single-stage missiles with firing
ranges of 40km (9M96E) and 120km (9M96E2). Also under development is a
super-long-range missile designed to intercept targets at a range of about
400km - believed to be the 40N6V missile.

The probability of intercepting aerodynamic airborne targets, including
those using stealth, barraging and performing counter-missile evasive
manouevres is claimed to be as high as 99.1%. Such high
intercept-probabilities against ballistic targets will be achieved by the
installation of the roll-torque motor in the newly developed super
long-range SAMs. All the missiles will be able to intercept air targets at
altitudes between 5m and over 30km. The missiles are currently undergoing
factory tests.

The use of modern dynamic gas control techniques further reduces the
launch-command response time of Russias SAMs to 0.025-0.1 of a second and
gives them an improved manouevring capability regardless of altitude and
flight range. The new missiles also feature a notable reduction in launch
weight - 330kg for the 9M96E and 420kg for the 9M96E2. The new S-400 can be
deployed with a mix of missiles-mockups of the 9M96E and 9M96E2 integrated
with the 48N6 missile were displayed by the Almaz-Antey concern at the MAKS
2003 air show in Moscow last month.

* In a separate development, Russia is to supply Vietnam with at least 12
S-300PMU1 SAM systems, in a contract estimated to be worth some $200 million.

Three Asian Countries to Get U.S. Missiles

The U.S. government has approved the delivery of advanced air combat
missiles to Taiwan, Thailand, and Singapore after agreeing to sell the
missiles to the three countries a few years ago. When the missiles will
actually be transferred is confidential.

The Clinton administration announced plans to sell AIM-120C Advanced Medium
Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAMs) to Taiwan and Singapore in September
2000. Thailand reportedly made a similar deal, but no public record of it
exists because the value of the possible sale did not cross the $14 million
threshold required for the Pentagon publicly to inform Congress of the
proposed transaction.

In all three cases, the United States conditioned the delivery of the
AMRAAMs, which independently home in on a target beyond the distance that a
pilot can see, on neighboring countries in Asia acquiring a comparable
missile. U.S. policy holds that the United States will not be the first to
introduce advanced beyond-visual-range missiles into a region.

In its annual report on Chinese military power released July 28, the
Pentagon reported that China now possesses the Russian-made AA-12 Adder
missile, which is comparable to the AMRAAM. The report marked the first
public acknowledgement of a finding the United States made last year. The
determination set in motion this past spring the delivery of the AMRAAMs to
Taiwan, Thailand, and Singapore.

Thailand and Singapore are not considered to be within the same region
where China is thought to have deployed its AA-12 missiles. But the Bush
administration told Congress earlier this year that Beijings ability to
relocate the missiles and Russian offers to sell Adders to Malaysia create
an imminent threat justifying AMRAAM deliveries to Thailand and Singapore.

Production of South Korean fighter planes may begin as early as next month, a U.S.-based weekly defense magazine reported.

The Defense News reported in its Aug. 22 edition that South Korean and U.S. defense firms developing the T-50, a supersonic air combat trainer,completed their 20-month-long static structural testing on Aug. 20.

The magazine also reported that the plane is now going through flight performance tests at Sachon Air Force Base in South Kyongsang Province. The magazine said the testing will take about one month, and the aircraft will be supplied to the Korean Air Force in 2005 if South Korea approves its production.

A:
近期軍事家月刊有提到, 隨著生產製造流程的提昇進步, 猛禽戰機上的AN/APG-77 AESA雷達的造價已經從原先的790萬美金一具, 下降至460萬美金一具, 而功能卻更加提昇增進..............

可以想見, 性能等級比AN/APG-77小遜一籌, 預定產量又大得多的AN/APG-79一旦大量投產之後, 會是何等的”物美價廉”, 至於F-35上所預定採用的AESA雷達就更不在話下了..........

台灣的美系戰機加起來快要三百架，未來說不定可以考慮一起換裝F-16用的AESA雷達和射控電腦(IDF的機鼻可能比較小，可以適度減小雷達的面積，稍微降級一點無妨)，統一後勤，共用飛彈....別的不說，至少視距外作戰能力與對地偵測能力應該可以改善不少。

Development of Radar for Fifth Generation Fighter Under Way Using Enterprise’s own Funds

Financing of the creation of the aircraft radar (BRLS) for the fifth generation fighter is being realized exclusively using the developer’s funds, the NIIP Tikhomirov general director, Yuriy Belyy, declared to Interfax-AVN.

Up to now, NIIP Tikhomirov has been performing all work on the future BRLS for the fifth generation fighter at its own expense, Yu. Belyy said.

He recalled that the Tikhomirov NIIP won the competition for the best project of a future BRLS for the fifth generation fighter and was determine the lead developer of the complex.

Today no decisions have been made about sources of financing of the scientific research and experimental design work for the creation of the fifth generation fighter. There may be four such sources in all: budgetary funds in accordance with a state defense order line item, the personal funds of the developing enterprises, allocations from the export of the AVPK Sukhoy enterprise’s product and foreign investments. Today, the financing is lacking from all sources. Therefore, for the time being the Tikhomirov NIIP is working in the interests of the future Russian fighter only with its own funds, the general director said.

According to him, at the concept design stage, the Tikhomirov NIIP has been developing only the integrated radar system. Right now, as the result of the competition, the Tikhomirov NIIP in cooperation with the Leninets Holding Company (St. Peterburg) and the Fazotron-NIIR Corporation has signed and agreement for the creation of an integrated radar system, Yu. Belyy declared.

He explained that the forward and side coverage radar sets (LOKATOR), the millimeter (wave) radar set and rear view radar set and the electronic countermeasures complex (KREhP). At the same time, KREhP signals are passed through an active phased array antenna array (AFAR).

The side coverage radar will not be located on the fuselage, but in a fairing beneath the fuselage. The Tikhomirov NIIP is supposed to coordinate the fighter’s whole avionics complex (in frequency and timing patterns and the like), said Yu. Belyy.

He emphasized that there is a special engineering program for creation of an AFAR for the fifth generation fighter at the Tikhomirov NIIP.

The Tikhomirov NIIP is generating cooperation today on the creation of the fighters avionics, in which on the order of the enterprises already are included, including enterprises included previously in the ministry of the electronics industry system, Yu. Belyy said.

Source: 11.09.03, Interfax-AVN

------
Fazotron-NIIR Corporation Creating Aircraft Radar for Fifth Generation MiG Fighter

The Fazotron-NIIR corporation will continue work on the creation of an aircraft radar (BRLS) for a future fifth generation fighter in accordance with an agreement with the Russian Airplane Building Corporation (RSK) MiG, the general director and general designer of the Fazotron-NIIR corporation, Anatoliy Kanashchenkov, reported to Interfax-AVN on Wednesday.

“Fazotron-NIIR has signed an agreement with RSK MiG on the development of a radar for a future fifth generation fighters created at RSK MiG on its own initiative, A. Kanashchenkov said.

According to him, RSK MiG had proposed to the Fazotron-NIIR corporation the development of a BRLS for the fifth generation fighter being created. “The offer was accepted and this summer an agreement was signed by four organizations, including Fazotron-NIIR, RSK MiG and also engine-building firms,” A. Kanashchenkov said.

He recalled that the MiG corporation had adopted a decision in principle to continue work on future fighter on its own initiative.

In A. Kanashchenkov’s opinion, that developer who creates the best active phased array radar (AFAR) will win the competition for the fifth generation fighter in actual fact.

“The Fazotron-NIIR corporation has adopted a decision to continue scientific research and experimental design work on the creation of a new BRLS with an AFAR with subsequent alternative testing of it and a real demonstration of its capabilities,” A. Kanashchenkov said.

In his opinion, Fazotron-NIIR is the most advanced company in the area of future fighter avionics complexes.

“Over a 5 year period, Fazotron-NIIR has executed scientific research and experimental design work in accordance with a state defense order to the stage of the detail design and has defended it. Other developmental firms are at the preliminary design stage, said A. Kanashchenkov.

According to A. Kanashchenkov, not only will Fazotron-NIIR be working with RSK MiG in the creation of the fifth generation BRLS, but also with the Sukhoy OKB. According to him, it is planned to make flight tests of the future radar on Sukhoy OKB airplanes.

In 2002, AVPK Sukhoy was determined as the chief executor of work on the fifth generation airplane.

The Tekhnokompleks Scientific and Production Center, Ramenskoye Instrument Building Design Bureau, the Instrument Building Scientific Research Institute (Zhukovskiy), the Ural’sk Optical and Mechanical Plant (Yekaterinburg), the Polet firm (Nizhniy Novgorod) and The Central Scientific Research Radio Engineering Institute (Moscow) were pronounced winners in the competition held in the beginning of 2003 for the development of the avionics complex for the fifth generation airplane. NPO Saturn has been determined the lead executor for work on the engines for this airplane.

Source: 10.09.03, Interfax-AVN

-----
Fifth Generation Avionics Being Created

The Tekhnokompleks Scientific and Production Center (NPTs) is developing elements of the fifth generation fighter’s avionics. In particular, a large-format, small-sized display with television imagery output and a 15-inch scope already has been developed. The new equipment allows a survey of an area, the reconnaissance of targets and aiming at night time. Navigational solid-state wave gyroscopes ((VOLNOVYE GIROSKOPY)) also have been created, on which the NPTs already has begun flight tests.

Tekhnokompleks is developing even the primary elements of the fifth generation airplane’s computer system which will be operating practicably as early as the first quarter of 2004. Ground information systems for development of flight assignments have been created for future aviation complexes.

NPP Zvezda already has constructed a new airplane emergency ejection seat system (SAPS) with a control system developed by Tekhnokompleks. The seat saves the crew in all likely catastrophic situations. This is a more perfect catapult than that which saved the lives of our test pilots at the exhibition in Le Bourget 2 years ago in an ejection during the Su-30 crash.

Tekhnokompleks enterprises are participating in the execution of contracts and work on program for the Su-30MKK and Su-30MKI airplanes, the SU-27IB multirole air complex, MiG-29SMT fighter, and the Ka-31 and Ka-32, Mi-24PN and Mi-28N “Night Hunter” helicopters. Today the corporation is working on the creation of avionics for fifth generation airplanes.

The upgraded “Zaslon-AM” aircraft radar (BRLS) is being created at the Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Building, the general director of the Tikhomirov NIIP, Yuriy Belyy, reported to Interfax-AVN on Wednesday.

“The Tikhomirov NIIP has an assignment in accordance with the state defense order line item to upgrade the Zaslon’ BRLS for MiG-31 fighters. The upgraded BRLS has received the designation Zaslon-AM, Yu. Belyy reported.

According to him, the Tikhomirov NIIP has 30 years of experience in the creation and development of radars with electronic scanning (the “Zaslon”) for fighter interceptors of the MiG-31 type.

Yu. Belyy reported that the Tikhomirov NIIP plans to begin bench tests in the near future of the upgraded BRLS.

“An agreement has been concluded with the St. Peterburg Leninets Holding Company for the development at this enterprise of a special bench for the overhaul and upgrade of the BRLS,” the NIIP general director declared.

He noted that the upgrade of the Zaslon-A” radar includes, in particular, the replacement of the digital processing components ((VYCHISLITEL’NYE SREDSTVA)). “The program for the creation of the Zaslon-AM BRLS is at the experimental design work stage, the agency source reported.

In the opinion of experts, in the upgrade of the “Zaslon” BRLS with electronic beam scanning, the aging A-15A central processor is exchanged for the more modern “Baget-55” which allows the introduction of several new mode of operation for the “Zaslon-AM” BRLS for the upgraded MiG-31BM fighters while keeping the B1.01M antenna.

The Zaslon” BRLS technologies have served as a base for the creation of the N-011M Bars BRLS for Indian air force fighters of the Su-30MKI type. At the same time, the Bars” radar antenna’s weight is 100 kilograms versus the weight of the B1.01M antenna on the MiG-31 of 250 kilograms.

Washington Times
September 6, 2003
Pakistan Belgian F-16s Sought To Counter India

英國《詹氏防務周刊》2003年9月3日報導，儘管關於F-35“聯合打擊戰機”（JSF）電子戰（EW）系統的公開資料很少，但是隨著研製計劃的推進，開始有一些關於該系統的公開資訊了。

　　F-35的電子戰系統是由BAE系統公司資訊和電子戰系統分部負責研製的。最近該公司官員表示，在相當的程度上，F-35電子戰系統的體系結構和技術將主要在美國空軍F/A-22“猛禽”多用途戰機的電子戰系統基礎上發展，該系統也是由BAE系統公司研製的。不過用於F-35的電子戰系統在保持性能相當的基礎上，其成本和重量都將是原先系統的一半。

　　與F/A-22戰機一樣，F-35電子戰系統的核心在結構上將內嵌低可探測性的雷達孔徑，可減小雷達反射截面，增強雷達的匿蹤能力。“猛禽”將使用156塊天線組件以形成4塊低可探測性的孔徑，估計F-35也將採用類似的布局。電子戰系統將完全與飛機的總體結構進行整合，並將遍布整個機身。通過安裝相關干涉儀，“猛禽”戰機將具有精確的定向發現（目標）能力，可對空中和地面的威脅雷達的電子發射進行定位。

　　F-35的匿蹤能力要求飛機具有良好的雷達告警能力，因為飛行員需要該系統來保證飛機可以一直處在敵方雷達檢測範圍之外。因此，BAE系統公司將為F/A-22和F-35研製一種新型數位雷達告警接收器，該告警接收器將具有作戰識別能力。儘管匿蹤能力是保護F-35最重要的能力，但是F-35還將安裝電子對抗設備，將包括光電飛彈發射檢測傳感器（洛克希德·馬丁公司飛彈和射控分部研製）、對付雷達導引飛彈的敷金屬條投射器以及對付當前已知的所有紅外線威脅的曳光彈發射器。

　　對於未來所有的平台，自衛系統將不僅僅包括威脅告警能力，還將具有共享來自網路化部隊的情報之能力。

BTW: to rockitten Brother

Sorry to transfer your post...

I think here is better...
because the News column is basically without any comments and discuss

and we can Discuss Here ^^

rockitten 　於　2003/09/17 08:07
Re:2003 年 9 月國際新聞（空軍）

最後的F-111
Wed Sep 17 2003
袋鼠國防軍今天宣佈：

已經有三十多年機齡的袋鼠國空軍F-111機隊在2013年前不會除役。
理由是面對印尼的Su-27，袋鼠國防軍有必要保留長程打擊能力，尤
其是從袋鼠國本土轟炸印尼首都耶加達的能力。

結論：
1.袋鼠國對印尼越來越不爽，尤其是印尼輕判巴里島爆炸案兇手之後
2.對付長程戰鬥機的方法就是長程轟炸機，尤其是雙方飛機都不多時
3.袋鼠國沒說出口的理由是：長程轟炸機更可能用來射Harpon攻擊印
尼的登陸艦，例如在東帝汶
4.袋鼠國北部可能不會有美軍F-16進駐
5.袋鼠國是真的存心要等F-35了
6.這些問題都是一條航艦就能解決的

那個MRA(Multi Role Auxiliary 多功能補給艦)目前還只是conceptial design stage^^
http://www.janes.com/defence/naval_forces/news/jdw/jdw000718_2_n.shtml

可以攜帶2艘LCAC的殺傷力有那裡？突擊登陸？

美國80年代造的胡蜂級LHD與前輩Tarawa級最大的差別就是可攜帶3艘LCAC比本來的一艘多，另外是甲板允許V-22操作。還有新一批輔助登陸艦LPD-17也是特別要求這兩點。

俄羅斯一架TU-160轟炸機今天由於發動機起火，在伏爾加地區墜毀，有四個人喪生。
這架在北約叫「二十一點」的戰略轟炸機，有四具發動機。以往是俄國戰略空軍的主力，最多的時候有一百多架。現在由於財政困難，只剩下四十架左右還在服役。

1. Tu-160重型戰略轟炸機, 北約代號Black Jack黑傑克, 或名海盜旗, 何時又名21點來著了？？這真是太神奇了, 傑克...........

2. Tu-160的總服役數量只有15架, 經此一摔, 剩14架, 中廣這一倒裝, 俄羅斯空軍重型超音速戰略武力瞬間暴增將近三倍, 這真是神奇過頭了, 中廣...........

3. 最近一期的Combat Aircraft月刊正好有老美B-1B ”Bone 骨頭機與老蘇Tu-160 Black Jack黑傑克兩款冷戰時期的天王巨星級超音速戰略轟炸機的發展沿革與性能比較專文介紹, 節錄其中內容如下：

a. 過去大多西方軍武專家相信, Tu-160絕對是邪惡下流卑鄙無恥墮落沒創意的前蘇聯帝國對B-1的邪惡下流卑鄙無恥墮落沒創意全盤照抄拷貝版, 不過當時負責研發Tu-160的負責人目前聲稱：”當初在研發黑傑克時, 研發設計小組壓根沒見過B-1的設計圖, 兩者之所以宛如同卵雙生, 完全是因為兩者任務需求相近, 美蘇兩大強權在各自進行研發後, 意外得到英雄所見略同的答案以致

b. 當初在吉米卡特的年代, 因為勒緊褲帶政策, 導製造價高昂的B-1A計畫不幸中止; 到了雷根主政時期, 受蘇聯黑傑克刺激與拜”敵有我也得要有”冷戰心理之賜, B-1計畫終於敗部復活, 但是老美國會始終看造價高昂的B-1計畫不爽, 動輒大砍B-1B的經費預算, 使得製造商只好以造價低廉的固定式進氣道取代原先B-1A上的高貴可變式進氣道以求節省成本, 結果讓一架原本可以用兩馬赫級時速進行戰略轟炸巡航的女武神機變成中高空極速無法超過1.25馬赫的懶骨頭........

反觀Tu-160, 在光輝的前蘇聯年代裡, 有無盡的經費可供其揮霍, 因此包含可變式進氣道在內的高檔貨色, Tu-160全盤皆用, 加上總推力是B-1的1.79倍, 使得黑傑克可以在中高空以超過1.8馬赫級的高速進行戰略巡航, 成為真正完備的女武神..........

不過冷戰結束, 蘇聯帝國破產瓦解之後, 雙方的發展境遇處境正好相反, 透過電子系統升級改良與加裝JDAM投射能力, B-1B如今成為老美空軍最有價值長程高速精準轟炸資產MVB, 且未來仍將保有至少60架的數量持續服役至2030年以後; 而反觀Tu-160, 雖有類似的傳統精準打擊火力投射性能提升計畫, 但是在俄羅斯的經濟狀況不佳之下, 何年何月方能實現仍舊不得而知, 而服役數量如今也掉至B-1B的1/4不到, 真的所謂的”十年河東, 十年河西”............

不過在戰略核子打擊的老本行上, 雙方的立場又再度顛倒; 當年的限武談判, 老美棄轟保潛, 因此如今所有的B-1B都被限制只能投擲傳統核彈, 無法使用核子巡航飛彈; 而老俄則是棄陸保轟, 因此黑傑克至今仍可自由使用發射各款俄製核子/傳統空射巡航飛彈, 在不久的未來還將有數款射程從數百公里至五千公里級的新型俄製核子/傳統空射巡航飛彈生力軍加入.

英國, 西班牙, 德國政府決議, 將於近日之內針對歐洲戰機計劃價格問題, 與歐洲戰機公司再行討論討論...............

以德國為例, 在1997年時, 其預定以118億歐元採購180架EF-2000, 然而到2002年時, 180架EF-2000的預定總體造價已經上漲至133歐元..........

http://www.codeonemagazine.com/events/jan_03/jan03_events10.html

JDW
09-17, 2003

Russias Region details bomb programmes
Robert Hewson Editor, Janes Air-Launched Weapons,Moscow

Russias FSUE Region company used last months MAKS 2003 airshow in Moscow to unveil its new LGB-250 laser-guided bomb (LGB).

Using a completely different design to the companys earlier KAB-500 and KAB-1500 LGBs, the new 250kg-class weapon looks like the US-developed Paveway II.

The LGB-250 has a 100kg blast/fragmentation warhead and is claimed to be accurate to within 3m and 10m. A senior Region representative said the design has been in development for about a year as a solely company-funded programme.

The company hopes to have the design ready for service by the end of 2003 and confirms that it is intended to equip the Su-27- and Su-30-series of multirole fighters. The LGB-250 is not integrated with any specific airborne designation system and is primarily intended for use with third-party ground-based designators.

Given that virtually all company-funded defence programmes in Russia are conducted for export customers, Janes Defence Weekly believes that China is the most likely operator for the LGB-250.

可能是近年來 MiG-21 已經摔怕了，LCA 量產還得再等，Su30MKI 整合更是一延再延，所以要維持戰力就得考慮 Mirage2000 。

1. 在性能方面, 經驗證後, F/A-22各項性能指標均符合乃至超出軍方需求：標準空戰超音速巡航可達1.68馬赫, 比軍方要求高出12%, 作戰半徑, 加速能力, 雷達匿蹤性等也超出軍方要求, 機動性能則符合要求; 此外, AN/APG-77雷達的整體性能則高出原始設計需求約5%.

2. 在先前所遭遇的設計缺失方面, 結構氣彈問題已經透過換裝鈦金屬製品而宣告解決, 另外在電子系統當機故障頻率高的部份, 最嚴重的問題已經解決, 目前正在解決次要問題中; 但是為了解決上述問題, F/A-22計劃腳步因而推遲一年有餘, 而在國會決議不再提供任何額外經費去解決F/A-22永無休止的疑難雜症小毛病之後, 空軍只好動支部份原本預定作為購買量產型F/A-22的經費去解決上述毛病, 也使得原本應能購買339架F/A-22的經費, 如今只能購買276架.

3. F/A-22命運多舛史：

a. 1980年代中後期, ATF時代, 當時預定採購750架, 1990年代後期開始成軍, 量產全盛時期估計可達72架／年

b. 1991年, YF-22大戰YF-23前後, 採購架數向下修正為648架

c. 1994年, F-22A的預定採購架數被大砍至剩下422架

d. 1997年, F-22A的預定採購架數又被小刪, 剩下390架

e. 1999年, F-22A的預定採購架數被刪至剩下339架, 美國空軍估計, 在如此一砍再砍下, 此時F-22A的離陸成本已經比原始目標高出50%以上, 但是好戲尚未演完........

f. 2001~2002年, 在倫斯斐新國防政策, 國會拒絕對F/A-22計畫投資更多經費, 以及F/A-22在試飛過程中發現諸多問題需花錢解決等因素交互影響下, F/A-22的預定採購架數再度被大砍至只剩276架; 且考量通膨因素, 若國會仍繼續堅持不再提供額外經費給F/A-22計畫的話, 現有的F/A-22採購經費最終可能只足夠採購224架, 較空軍所估計的基本架數需求：380架相差太遠太遠.......

4. 如果上天保佑, 再沒有任何意外出現的話, 量產型F/A-22將於2004年進入服役性能評估階段, 2005年進入IOC, 2007年左右有七十餘架F/A-22成軍......但如果再有更大的簍子出現的話......EF-2000搞不好就要從天下第二晉升為天下第一了......

Engine dispute threatens Chinese fighter sales
Robert Karniol JDW Asia-Pacific Editor
Bangkok

Pakistans planned acquisition of the JF-17 Thunder (previously known as the FC-1/Super-7) lightweight fighter is in doubt, following the revelation by Russian sources that China holds no right to re-export the Russian-made Klimov RD-93 turbofan engine used to power the prototype aircraft.

China has no agreement with Russia on re-export [of the engine], a senior Russian source told Janes Defence Weekly, suggesting that the aircraft may need to be re-engined for anticipated sales outside China.

In addition to interest from the Pakistan Air Force, which reportedly has a requirement for about 150 JF-17s, published reports indicate that the Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group has broad ambitions for further international sales to potential customers including Bangladesh, Egypt and Nigeria. The Chinese organisation has been developing the JF-17 since the Super-7 programme was cancelled in 1991, following US sanctions against the country. Beijing and Islamabad concluded a joint development and production agreement for the aircraft in June 1999.

Chinas Peoples Liberation Army Air Force has a requirement for several hundred of the aircraft, but it is thought that a firm contract has yet to be placed for the design. The prototype JF-17 conducted its first test flight on 25 August, and formal flight tests were launched in Chengdu on 2 September (JDW 10 September). Pakistan Air Force Chief of Staff Air Chief Marshal Kaleem Saadat attended the latter event.

Tornado Protection

Lack of Pentagon assistance angers British military

By Robert Wall, Dayton, Ohio

The U.K. Royal Air Force wants to make its ground-attack Tornados more survivable in a high-threat environment, but the Pentagon has been slow to address technology release issues concerning two participating U.S.-based supplier candidates.

The GR4 Tornados operate a two-pod countermeasures system, BAE Systems Skyshadow for protection against radar-frequency threats, and a Saab infrared protection device. But with a recognition that threats are becoming more capable, the RAF has embarked on a multiphase project, the Modular Defensive Aids Suite (Modas), to potentially replace both existing self-protection subsystems.

The U.K. has decided to first address fending off radar-guided threats, leaving infrared protection to a later upgrade. Like the existing kit, the new jammer is supposed to be in a pod-configuration. A fully integrated onboard version would take an inordinate amount of time and money to develop. Defense Ministry representatives still have to decide whether the eventual infrared enhancement will be a separate pod or an additional feature the radar version would be required to take on.

In the coming months, the British government will evaluate offers from ITT, Northrop Grumman and Saab that they hope could be fielded relatively quickly, with a targeted in-service date of 2006. The three contenders survived an evaluation in which incumbent BAE Systems, as well as EADS and Elta, were eliminated.

But assessment of the U.S. systems has hit a major snag. Despite formal requests from their British counterparts, Pentagon representatives have been slow to address clearances that ITT and Northrop Grumman need in order to provide critical information and hardware to their potential customer, according to officials involved in the project. Defense ministry representatives fear they will have to restructure Modas, costing them valuable time.

The ongoing assessment phase is slated to involve laboratory demonstrations, including jamming techniques of special interest to the U.K. aimed at thwarting sophisticated threats. The British government has the option of flight-testing some of the hardware in the coming months. Government officials are slated to name a supplier for 40-50 pods next year.

ITT is building its proposal around its ALQ-211 combined jammer and radar-warning receiver. It would be the first podded installation of the system. The company has packaged and sold integrated versions of the ALQ-211 for helicopter and fighter applications. The Modas offer has been designated the ALQ-211(V)8. The system would be housed in a Raytheon-provided pod, an ITT official said. Raytheon also would supply the high-power towed decoy, the FO-50, a fiber-optic enhancement of the ALE-50. The preliminary design would be for a retractable decoy, although the U.K. could opt for an expendable configuration, the company representative said.

Northrop Grumman has also teamed with Raytheon on the FO-50, and offered the use of BAE Systems Ariel pod, but British officials opted for the Raytheon device. For its techniques generator, the company is betting on technology it has used on other efforts, representing, in part, a modernized and enhanced version of the ALQ-131 its been steadily upgrading in recent years. The pod would also provide space for an AAR-54 missile-warning receiver for the anticipated infrared-protection mission. The device could be easily upgraded to a two-color infrared warner being developed with a U.S. Air Force contract in mind, a Northrop Grumman manager said.

Saab is largely building on technologies already underway, including a towed decoy it now has in its portfolio as part of its acquisition of Celsius Tech.

BBC Monitoring International Reports
September 26, 2003

PAKISTAN, FRANCE TO DISCUSS MIRAGE-2005 AIRCRAFT DEAL IN FORTHCOMING TALKS

sale to Pakistan: French expert by Pakistani newspaper The News web site on 26 September

Brussels: Contrary to the prevailing perception, the French government says that Mirage-2005 fighter jets are always available to Pakistan and there is no hurdle in concluding a deal in this regard.

The political clearance accorded by the French president to provide French Mirage-2005 planes to Pakistan is still valid and Pakistan may purchase them any time after sorting out the requisite financial dimensions, a defence expert involved in France-Pakistan defence dialogue told The News.

During Pakistan-France defence parleys next month in Paris the issue of handling financial side of a possible Mirage-2005 deal is expected to be discussed and French government would consider sympathetically the problems faced by Pakistan which are causing trepidation in concluding a Mirage-2005 deal, the official said.

The issue of much talked about Mirage-2005 deal will also be broached during Pak-French Armament Commission meeting scheduled in Paris next month. French defence experts are convinced that Mirage-2005, if provided to Pakistan, will not exacerbate military tension in South Asia and they find no reason as to why they continue lagging behind the other competitors, the official said.

Describing the level of France-Pakistan defence cooperation as satisfactory, the official said, France is keen to meet senior representatives of Pakistani defence services to discuss future cooperation in military sales and the Paris meeting of Pak-French Armament Commission in October will review the ongoing defence cooperation between Pakistan and France.

The official said that the French military delegation, which undertook a visit to Pakistan last week, is encouraged by the enthusiasm of Pakistani defence representatives about the French manufactured defence equipment.

In a report submitted to the French government after his return from Islamabad, the Director of the French Armament Department had described his meeting with the Secretary Defence Production Division Air Marshal (retd) Zahid Anis as useful and productive.

The visit of the French military delegation to Pakistan was essentially aimed at preparing for the annual meeting of the Pakistan-France Armament Commission scheduled in Paris next month. French defence officials during this visit assured their Pakistan interlocutors that French government would provide all possible assistance to Pakistan for the maintenance of the French-supplied Mirage aircraft and other defence equipment.

Rejecting the notion that a possible Mirage-2005 deal is the only determinant to gauge the level of France-Pakistan defence relations, the official said, Mirage 2005 issue is part of broad-based defence negotiations between France and Pakistan and there is no political snag in concluding this deal as France is willing to provide Mirage-2005 to Pakistan and Pakistan is keeping its options open to buy the modern, but expensive supersonics.

Aerospace Daily
September 26, 2003

F-16 loan backed

Separately, the House Sept. 25 approved an Administration request to authorize a $550 million loan to the Czech Republic for the possible purchase of 14 used F-16s from the United States. If the Czech Republic decides to buy F-16s or F/A-18s from Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands or Turkey, the loan could be used to buy U.S. training, weapons and logistical support.

The Czech Republic is seeking 14 used supersonic aircraft to temporarily replace its aging fleet of MiG-21s. Offers are due Oct. 30.

The loan provision is included in a continuing resolution, a broad measure that will temporarily keep the federal government funded when FY 04 begins Oct. 1. The resolution, which now heads to the Senate, is needed because Congress has not completed all of its FY 04 appropriations bills.

1. MIRAGE-2005？？？這是啥新貨色？？

JDW
10/08/03

AIR CHIEF MARSHAL KALEEM SAADAT - PAKISTAN AIR FORCE CHIEF OF STAFF
Andrew Koch JDW Bureau Chief
Washington, DC

The Pakistan armed forces are deeply troubled by what they see as a changing balance of power tilting dangerously in regional rival Indias favour, says Air Chief Marshal (ACM) Kaleem Saadat, Pakistan Air Force Chief of Staff.

To address that situation, ACM Saadat says that Pakistan is looking for new foreign supplies of advanced weaponry, outlining the Pakistan Air Forces (PAFs) ambitious list of modernisation priorities during a recent trip to Washington.

A top near-term priority for the PAF, ACM Saadat says, is the acquisition of beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles (BVRAAMs). While he notes that Pakistan is interested in buying such a missile from US or European suppliers, that option is not yet open and therefore I guess ultimately it will have to be Chinese. Pakistan has been working with China on developing the SD-10 BVRAAM missile, which ACM Saadat says could be ready for operational use in less than a year. Whichever missile Pakistan chooses, the ACM notes, money is [now] not a problem as had previously been the case.

Although the BVRAAM would initially be integrated into the JF-17 Thunder lightweight fighter (previously known as the FC-1/Super-7), ACM Saadat says the plan is to ultimately retrofit the missile into all PAF fighter aircraft.

The service has also named acquisition of new fighters with F-16 and above capability as another primary need. The PAF is currently exploring a number of options, he notes, including F-16s repeatedly requested from Washington, Mirage 2000-9s similar to those bought by the United Arab Emirates and Gripens. Regarding the last two, ACM Saadat notes that the service is actively talking to the suppliers, adding that Pakistan is also exploring options to acquire used F-16s - with the possibility of receiving them from Belgium or the Netherlands having been raised because both plan to dispose of some F-16s. What we were suggesting is that if the US government has objections to only [supplying] the new [F-16s], acquiring used ones is one alternative option. He notes that they [Washington] havent said yes, they havent
said no.

The PAF intends to take up the US offer to upgrade the countrys existing F-16s, the ACM says, with capabilities that would allow the service to add a BVRAAM as a top priority. Such work would include digitised electronics, structural support changes and increased sensors such as improved radars.

The PAF prefers the F-16 option because Pakistan already possesses the necessary logistical and training infrastructure to support the aircraft. If Pakistan is able to get more F-16s, it would also be able to afford additional aircraft, ACM Saadat says, noting it is not an either/or situation. However, he explained, if another high-tech model aircraft was bought, that would be the only aircraft the PAF could afford.

Pakistan had also been interested in buying used Mirage 2000-5s from Qatar, but ACM Saadat says that following Indian interest in the same aircraft, it is [now] too complex a deal, so perhaps it would not be easy to complete. Nevertheless, he adds, the PAF will continue to pursue the deal because my philosophy is that regardless of the obstacles we must try on every axis in order to have success on one.

Moreover, he explained, The Chinese option is also available beyond the JF-17, hinting that Pakistan may consider procuring Chengdu J-10 multirole combat aircraft if they are available.

Regardless of which top-of-the-line fighter Pakistan ultimately acquires, it is also seeking larger numbers of less sophisticated aircraft to replace its ageing fleet. We have to replace our A-5s, F-7s, and Mirages within five to seven years, ACM Saadat explains, noting that the JF-17 bodes well for our future and fits into our plan. It is a good investment. Pakistan plans to build at least 150 of the aircraft, which will be co-produced with China at the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex in Kamra. The plant will be capable of building at least 20-25 aircraft per year, he notes, and production is expected to begin within three years.

If Islamabad fails to acquire additional sophisticated fighters, it would seek to apply those funds to improving its ground-based air-defence systems, the ACM says. Pakistan has requested the HAWK surface-to-air missile system from the US, and is also exploring similar Ukrainian, Spanish, Italian and Chinese systems. But, he added, due to the systems high costs, any such purchases are likely to be deferred if the funds are spent on new high-tech fighters.

Another priority the PAF will pursue is the acquisition of mid-sized airborne early-warning and control aircraft like the E-2C Hawkeye or a variant of the Embraer EMB-145. Although the US has not answered a Pakistani query on whether it might be willing to provide Islamabad with the estimated six to 10 aircraft ACM Saadat says are needed, he notes that the US could be more amenable to providing them because they are viewed as defensive in nature, adding that the US has already allowed Pakistan to conduct paper
evaluations of the aircraft. Pakistan would want used Hawkeyes and would hope to upgrade them, ACM Saadat notes.

In order to address the threat posed to our navy by the Indian Navy, the PAF is also looking to acquire an air-to-air refuelling capability that would extend the range of our aircraft, ACM Saadat says. This capability would allow PAF aircraft to travel sufficient ranges to be able to assist the countrys naval assets against a growing Indian naval threat, he notes.

In this regard, we would look for a fast jet airplane, likely a commercial aircraft derivative, ACM Saadat says, and the service could look to begin the acquisition process in two years time.

我覺得這是美國因應拉攏印度造成巴基斯坦不滿所提出的方案之一。正如其他軍售案及重大決策，美國國防部內部一向有多種不同的意見，此案是否通過確實值得觀察。

美國政府似乎對巴基斯坦採取的阿富汗汗及相關邊境政策感到不滿。儘管巴基斯坦對美國阿富汗戰爭有舉足輕重的地位，很多東西是經過美國大力施壓後才有結果–因為巴基斯坦總統仍必須安撫國內的基本教義派及親阿富汗勢力。也因此布希雖稱巴基斯坦為「朋友」，卻公開表示還沒同意賣 F-16。

換句話說，巴基斯坦要買 F-16 即使獲得美國國防部同意，一樣得過五關斬六將的繼續說服政方。

http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_1-10-2003_pg1_1
Pakistan clinches $341m arms deal with Pentagon

By Rana Qaisar

ISLAMABAD: The US Defence Department has agreed to provide Pakistan $341 million in military hardware for its defence needs.

“A couple of items requested by Pakistan will, however, require congressional approval, such as the refurbishment and upgrade of our F-16 fleet,” Defence Secretary Lt General (r) Hamid Nawaz Khan told journalist here. Mr Khan, who led the Pakistani delegation in a meeting of the Pak-US Defence Consultative Group in Washington, said this supply of military hardware to Pakistan was not part of the $1.5 billion aid package agreed during President General Pervez Musharraf’s visit to the US in June.

“The Pentagon has agreed in principle to raise the strength of Pakistan’s F-16s to its original level of forty besides the upgrade of the fleet,” Mr Khan said, adding that this required approval from the US Congress.

He said it was a major breakthrough in acquisition of defence equipment and with the supply of the items requested by Pakistan, the conventional arms imbalance in South Asia would be corrected to some extent. Without disclosing the items in the list given to the Pentagon, he said the US authorities were convinced that their friendship with India would not be at Pakistan’s cost. “We told the American side that India is acquiring defence equipment from Israel and this will be dangerous for peace and stability in South Asia.”

Mr Khan said Pakistan’s concern was well taken by the US authorities as they also agreed to communicate to the organisations and countries concerned that the military sanctions on Pakistan had already been lifted. “This will help us purchase defence equipment.” To a question, he said Belgium had agreed to sell F-16s to Pakistan if clearance was given by the US administration. “We are negotiating for the purchase of these F-16s and by the time the next review meeting is held, we will know the actual progress.”

Asked if Pakistan’s list included a system to counter the Indian acquisition of the Phalcon airborne system from Israel, the defence secretary replied in the affirmative. However, like the F-16s, this would require congressional approval. “We were assured that our defence requirements would be met,” he said, adding that Pakistan had its indigenous capability and was interested only in specific equipment. “We are also mindful of the capability which India would get with the acquisition of equipment from Israel.”

Mr Khan said Pakistan was also interested in acquiring old US military equipment, which was provided free to a friendly country except for the upgrade cost. “We have also given them a list of such items.”

這篇證實了解放軍的 J-11 確定會是 SU-27SMK，俄國工廠說已送交一百組提昇裝備給中國。

這篇也提到 Janes 估計目前解放軍已有一百架 J-11 – 但請注意，這並非是各軍事分析者都同意的數字。不必我說各位想必也知道 Janes 並非從未出錯過，此項數據各位自己斟酌。

JDW
10/08/03

Chinese Su-27 upgrade funds Russian project
Robert Hewson Editor Janes Air-Launched Weapons
Moscow and Beijing

Russias Su-27SM fighter upgrade is being boosted by a parallel project
to modify Chinas Su-27s to such an extent that Beijing could be underwriting
the entire Russian effort, Janes Defence Weekly sources indicate.

Developed by Sukhoi and the Technocomplex group of Russian avionics companies,
the SM programme will give the 1980s-vintage Su-27 air-superiority fighter
a combat capability roughly equivalent to that of the multirole Su-30MK.
While it has made halting progress to date, Russias air force has identified
the Su-27SM as its number one acquisition priority and is expected to give
the programme the go-ahead before the end of 2003. However, Technocomplex
has confirmed that around 100 upgrade kits have already been delivered to
Chinas Peoples Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) for use with its Su-27SKs
and licence-built Shenyang J-11s.

The Su-27SM was displayed at Moscows MAKS 2003 air show last August. The
advanced cockpit features three colour multifunction displays (MFDs), plus
improved radar, enhanced navigation and computer fits (the design is the
first to integrate a MIL-STD 1553B databus with a Russian combat aircraft),
an open-architecture system and an expanded weapons capability. Deliveries
of up to 15 aircraft had been anticipated this year, but no more than three
or four are now expected, due to difficulties in tying together the various
funding streams behind the programme. This indicates that the project is
relying on more than Russian State support for its success, and it has become
evident that China is playing a central role in making the entire project
a reality.

There are two Su-27SM demonstrator aircraft in Russia, yet on several occasions
Sukhoi has referred to these as Su-27SKs - a designation previously associated
only with those aircraft delivered to the PLAAF since 1992. By 1996, 36
KnAAPO-built Su-27SK fighters and 14 Su-27UBK trainers (from IAPOs line)
had been acquired. The same year, Russia and China signed a deal that will
see as many as 200 Su-27s built by Shenyang under the local designation J-11.
It is believed that more than 100 J-11s have been delivered so far.

There have been consistent reports that China was developing a multirole
upgrade for its Su-27s, which would allow them to better complement its
more advanced Su-30MKK force. Until now, the scope of that upgrade programme
had not been revealed. However, speaking to JDW at Septembers Aviation
Expo/China 2003 show in Beijing, a Technocomplex spokesman described the
Chinese Su-27 upgrade market as huge, and said that his company had delivered
about 100 upgrade packages over the last two years. The Chinese upgrade
draws on the same components as Russias Su-27SM programme, apart from its
use of just two MFDs in the cockpit, as in the Su-30MKK. Technocomplex is
upgrading both single-seat and two-seat Su-27s for the PLAAF.

The scope of this upgrade work is another example of the integrated thinking
that surrounds Chinas future fighter programmes, and the J-11 in particular.
Having mastered basic airframe assembly, China now controls an upgrade
package that will also allow it to integrate weapons and systems now under
development.

The Times (London) October 1, 2003, Wednesday 26
Brazil relaunches jet tender

法國方面最近才公開對巴基斯坦表示：”幻象兩千之門永遠為你而開，只是別忘隨身攜帶大筆CASH以入場．”

所以老法不是不同意賣MICA給小巴, 只是得連同MIRAGE2000-5一同買斷; 而小巴則因MIRAGE2000-5一架可抵至少三四架FC-1的天價, 在那邊抵死（？）不從............

SMK 是以增加航程及提昇射控系統以使用 PGM 為主。

入圍者:

1. 我家的菈法兒

2. 老歐的阿信2000

3. 老美......怪哉, 根據不同的外電消息, 有F-15E改與F-18E/F兩種不同說法..............

1. 依照DSTA的說法, 他們是根據：
a. 服役操作性能
b. 後勤補保性能
c. 全壽期操作費用
d. 未來升級改良潛力
四個方面進行全面評估, 最後選擇出老美F-15T, 老歐阿信兩千, 老法菈法兒三個最具成本效益的方案

2. 至於上述三者最後由誰勝出, 預定將於2004年年底至2005年年初間決定

3. 在競標過程中一度被認為已慘遭淘汰出局的RAFALE, 最後在老法達騷允諾提供優握龐大的技轉授權回饋之後起死回生, 闖入第二輪競賽; 而原本前身已被新加坡空軍採用多年, 原以為競標十拿九穩的F-16 C/D Block 60/62, 卻在新加坡空軍不想自家主力戰機來源單一化的前提下, 意外慘遭淘汰出局....

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/cgi-bin/client/modele.pl?session=dae.1512914.1066217162&modele;=jdc_34

美國《航空周刊》2003年10月13日出刊期刊報導，基於對無人飛行載具白天生存性的要求，已導致美國陸軍和美國空軍的研究人員重新考慮各種匿蹤技術的相互比較或尋求更多的優點。

　　對於將要構成波音公司承擔整合任務的美陸軍未來戰鬥系統（FCS）的多數無人飛行載具和無人地面戰鬥車輛來說，美陸軍所選擇的重點是小型化和靜音。

　　匿蹤外形和塗層，以及主動視覺處理（如表面可改變顏色，能混入到各種背景中，或者能改變紫外和紅外影像跡訊），對於較小型的無人飛行載具和無人戰鬥車輛來說因太昂貴而被棄置一邊。美陸軍將集中力量尋求低廉的網路飛機和地面戰鬥車替代，因為這些飛機和戰鬥車難以被看到或聽到，如果它們被擊落，能迅速替換。

　　科學應用國際公司（波音公司在FCS計畫中的伙伴）高級副總裁John H. Gully說：輕型平台的生存性是一個關鍵問題，較為困難的問題是視覺圖像管理。減少側面影像是一個重要途徑。在FCS設計中，應考慮非常低的輪廓圖像。雷達橫截面（RCS）是一個主要問題，熱影像也是一個問題。
　　塗層和設計有助於減少雷達反射，降低飛機的可見性。但是，對於美陸軍無人戰鬥攻擊旋翼機（UCAR）和美空軍下一代無人攻擊機如聯合無人戰鬥空中系統（J-UCAS）來說，這種塗層和設計似乎會帶來財政上敏感問題(經費太高)。

　　對於UCAR來說，視覺生存性是很重要的。不過，視覺匿蹤技術要求具有非常好的健壯性。預計，關於FCS計畫的匿蹤折衷方案要到2004年後期才能最終決定。

發射前 F-18E/F的AESA對目標掃描所得之雷達影像 透過MIL-STD-1553B data bus輸入 JDAM的記憶體 進入目標區後 JDAM HART的IIR掃描目標區後再與先前儲存在JDAM記憶體 AESA掃描的雷達影像 比對之
以確認目標並修正 JDAM的 TRAJECTORY

目前的JDAM(沒有IIR詢標器) 只有 INS/GPS Guidance 雖然其GPS MODULE有很強的抗干擾性 號稱
J/S 達到70 dB 可是GPS MODULE破功的話 依其發射距離遠近 INS的誤差可使其CEP > 13M

JDW
11/01
Kh-59MK available in a year
Piotr Butowski

The Raduga Kh-59MK (or D9MK) air-launched, radar-guided anti-ship cruise missile shown at Moscows MAKS 2003 differed considerably from the mock-up first unveiled two years ago.

The forward part of the 5.7m, 930kg missile body is now shorter, while the aft part has been lengthened. The shape of the forward fins is completely different, while they are also fixed and not folded as in the previous version. That variant of the Kh-59MK resembled more the original version of this missile - the electro-optically guided Kh-59M.

Observers at the Moscow exhibition said that the program is maturing and probably aimed at a serious customer, possibly China. According to the manufacturer, the Kh-59MK will be available on the market by the end of 2004 or the beginning of 2005.

During 2003, the Raduga missile design bureau has been investing US$2 million in the development of Kh-59MK, the company said. Series production assembly is to take place at Radugas workshop in Dubna. The missiles, equipped with a 320kg warhead, will be assembled from components supplied by other companies, such as SmAZ in Smolensk (airframe), Radar-MMS of St Petersburg (ARGS-59 seeker) and NPO Saturn of Rybinsk (36MT turbofan engine).

The Kh-59MK uses many existing subassemblies from other missile programs, including the airframe of the Kh-59M missile and the engine of Kh-101 strategic cruise missile. The ARGS-59 radar seeker is a modified version of the ARGS-35 seeker used in the series-produced anti-ship missile Kh-35.

http://www.aviationnow.com/avnow/news/channel_aerospacedaily_story.jsp?id=news/hop10233.xml

USAF Still Hopes To Boost F/A-22 Buy, General Says
By Marc Selinger
October 23, 2003

The Air Force still is trying to find ways to increase its planned purchase of F/A-22 Raptors, a top service official said Oct. 22.

Gen. John Jumper, Air Force chief of staff, told reporters that the service continues to have a requirement for 381 Lockheed Martin-built F/A-22s. Although the Air Force has estimated it can afford only 276 Raptors under current budget constraints, it also has indicated it hopes to find efficiencies so it can get as close to the higher number as possible.

We like 381 as the number that would flesh out our forces, Jumper said after speaking at a Capitol Hill breakfast seminar sponsored by DFI International.

The Air Force took delivery of its first operational F/A-22 in September and hopes to achieve an initial operational capability (IOC) by the end of 2005.

Jumper rebutted speculation that the Air Force is considering cutting its planned purchase of 276 F/A-22s or 1,763 F-35 Joint Strike Fighters.

There is no decrease in commitment to either of those right now, Jumper said, though he acknowledged that there may be some facts of life that we dont know now.

Jumper suggested it would be premature to consider changing the F-35 buy, because the Lockheed Martin aircraft still is early in its system development and demonstration (SDD) phase.

The F-35 is just transitioning from brochure status to becoming real, he said. Engineering is actually being put to the airplane to see exactly what its going to look like. The dynamics that are in the future of the F-35 nobody can predict.

The F-35 is slated for a critical design review (CDR) next spring and its first flight at the end of 2005.

Lighter and agile LCA PV-1 maiden flight in December
Thursday October 23 2003 00:00 IST
PTI

BANGALORE: The Prototype Vehicle-1 (PV-1) of the indigenous light combat aircraft, Tejas, expected to fly in December this year, will have high usage of composites than the earlier two technology demonstrators, Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd chairman N R Mohanty said on Wednesday.

There is lot of composites in this aircraft. If you take the surface area, nearly 85 per cent is composites and about 45 per cent of the total weight, Mohanty told reporters here.

He said the use of composites in pv-1 makes it lighter and agile and different than the first two demonstrators TD-1 and TD-2, which have undertaken 117 flights.

Major assembly and equipping the PV-1 has been completed and is planned to have its first flight by end 2003, Mohanty said.

The indigenous fly-by-wire LCA, with an American GE-404 power plant, first flew in January 2001 and the aircraft is expected to replace the ageing MIG-21 fleet from the next decade.

Mohanty said the limited series production of Tejas at HAL had begun and the first aircraft would be delivered to IAF by 2006-07.

首先是一些有趣的基本介紹。M2000的DEFA 554機砲設計有兩個模式：1800發/秒（AA）與1200發/秒（AG）。用意是空對空的射擊機會稍縱即逝，所以要用最高射速，對地則可以用低射速節省彈藥。但其實飛行員喜歡用AG模式打飛機，用AA模式打地面。原因是「AG模式的震動比較大，打飛機的時候可以製造散彈效果。而AA模式則可以精確的射擊地面點目標」。

幻象兩千C：1984年服役
引擎：M53-5（19842磅）
雷達：RDM，僅具有部分俯視能力。目前這些M2000已經全面換裝其他戰機的RDI。
飛彈：超級530F

幻象兩千DA：1987年服役
引擎：M53-P2（21385磅）
雷達：RDI，完整俯視能力。1993年據傳在改良中加入了目標辨別能力（利用引擎都卜勒效應）。部分換裝RDY雷達，將RDI雷達給M2000C。
飛彈：超級530D，完整俯射能力，仰射能力也相當驚人，可達四萬呎，讓四萬呎飛行的M2000可以射擊八萬呎的目標。

改良型：
幻象兩千N-K2：
武裝：增加了250公斤、400公斤無導引炸彈，60公釐火箭，BAP100反跑道炸彈。後來又加上了中線雙聯裝GBU-12掛載能力，但沒有雷射導引能力

進行中改良：提高生存性
電戰：DDM紅外線飛彈警告系統，主翼根的管狀誘餌發射系統，提高電戰系統的靈敏度到電子監聽程度。

未來改良：值得注意的是，它一直沒有精密對地攻擊能力，也沒有超視距空戰能力。雖然核戰趁機毀滅德國很重要，但還是要找些兼差工作，答案是「偵察」
偵察莢艙：Pod Reco NG，具有CCD/IIR，多高度的偵照能力，以及影像資料鍵即時傳回地面
飛彈：ASMP-A

幻象兩千D：由於N型專門打核戰，法國又作了D型專職精密轟炸。與N型一樣是雙座構型，但與F-15E一樣後座主要負責對地射控。1995年服役。
武裝：BGL 1000、GBU-12/24雷射炸彈（在科索夫時，法國發現BGL-1000威力太強，才緊急採購的。所以M2000必須以BGL的模式來發射GBU）、AS30L雷射飛彈（由於終端速度高，穿透性甚強）
射控：PDL-CT IIR雷射莢艙或ATLIS 電視雷射莢艙

a: MIRAGE-2000 NK3, 最近才剛通過升級開發預算...............

幻象兩千D：由於N型專門打核戰，法國又作了D型專職精密轟炸。與N型一樣是雙座構型，但與F-15E一樣後座主要負責對地射控。1995年服役。

a: 核子兵力裁減下的產物, 最初幻象兩千Ｎ的生產數量是預定在105架以上, 結果拜全球核子兵力裁減之賜, 部分幻象兩千Ｎ的訂單在被取消ASMP核子飛彈發射能力之後, 成為最初的幻象兩千Ｄ

Ａ：NCDR能力？？？

部分換裝RDY雷達，將RDI雷達給M2000C。

Ａ：37架MIRAGE-2000-5F, 但法國方面似乎一直認為這批戰機並非是需要之物, 一年多以前據說還招開檢討會, 檢討當初為何會進行此等”不智之舉”, 近來則積極和捷克協商, 希望能把這批燙手山芋轉賣給捷克.........

飛彈：超級530D，完整俯射能力，仰射能力也相當驚人，可達四萬呎，讓四萬呎飛行的M2000可以射擊八萬呎的目標。

飛彈：MICA EM，擁有強力的火箭引擎，但作用時間卻很短：只有2.5秒，以減少被偵測的尾煙。奇怪的是，短作用時間的引擎搭配了少見的向量噴嘴，在近距離發射時可以迅速指向對手（但EM型其實不具偏軸瞄準能力）。
a:
早年（1993∼1997年前後）老法的對外宣傳卻宣稱EM可以進行與IR同樣性質的近距離攔截纏鬥
咱家至今有一件參加當時台北航太展所獲得的紀念T-SHIRT圖案可為證：一架漫畫Ｑ版的ROCAF　MIRAGE-2000-5發射一枚MICA, 朝身後驚惶失措的Ｑ版殲七直撲而去.........

在遠程模式時，MICA會自動爬升到高空以節省能量，接近目標時才俯衝而下，這使得其射程相當

（這種飛行模式與鳳凰飛彈與AMRAAM一樣，最近據說R-77也改良軟體以這種方式飛行，使射程與AMRAAM相提並論。但數年前英國空軍卻放消息說R-77的NEZ比AMRAAM遠，所以要發展BVRAAM才能剋制？！）。

a: R-77對外宣傳的有效射程向來是80~100KM, 比起別有居心的老美對外宣稱的”僅”50KM上下, 自是容易被居心叵測的老英空軍拿來大作文章; 更何況當時老英空軍／ＭＤＢＡ所宣稱的主要威脅乃至今仍神龍見首不見尾的R-77M衝壓彈.........

M2000-5共有六個硬點可以掛MICA飛彈，但機翼下的滑軌能在9G下發射，而機腹只能在4G以下發射。另外，本戰機並不具備發射MICA IR的能力

a: 前一陣子有ROCAF所屬的MIRAGE-2000-5將被升級為2000-9型的傳聞消息......

有一個重點忘了講，D型與N型機只能掛載Magic II空對空飛彈，但一方面飛彈已經落伍，另一方面飛彈也接近壽限。所以法國空軍提出MACR計畫希望換裝新的空對空飛彈。ASRAAM、IRIS-T與Python 4都有搶標（真是不怕死），當然作作樣子之後還是MICA IR得標。預計2007年會開始服役，而只剩下幻象F1 CT與CR繼續使用Magic II。

A:
1. 身為核子／傳統戰鬥轟炸機, 其自衛空戰武裝追求的應當是在盡可能遠的距離外阻絕敵方攔截機攔截, 而非在一身重裝的狀況下與敵方進行野豬打滾; 因此單憑有效作戰射程, 也該是MICA-IR得標....

2. 魔術家族也有最新後輩出現：魔法三型; 不過老法似乎是打算把這款舊瓶新酒交給印度發展量產, 徹底發揮此一走到壽命盡頭飛彈系列最後的剝削廣大第三世界窮苦民眾剩餘價值.........

身為軍火商, 一生5中最大的幸福就是遇上像老印這般的貴人.........p

雷達：RDY 2，在原有空戰功能之外（傳言有NCTR，偵測距離提高15％），加強了對地能力，包括都卜勒銳化與SAR地形繪圖能力，追蹤地面目標的GMTI。特別的是，具有支援飛魚反艦飛彈的反艦模式（之前外銷希臘的RDM雷達就具有這種能力，現在可以同時攻擊兩個目標）。但不具備N與D型的地形追隨能力，不過戰機另外有TERPROM地形警告系統（利用雷達高度計比對地形資料庫。資料庫中可以記錄四個獨立的「任務」）。

a: 疾風／RBE-2了不起的地方便在於：不但身兼MIRAGE-2000C/D/N/-5/-9戰機上各雷達的所有模式且性能更上一層樓, 還能同時使用這些需求截然不同的操作模式

達騷集團稱RBE-2為”Track Here While Scan There”雷達, RBE-2可以在一方面進行地形迴避或地型追衍模式的同時持續追蹤空中的目標, 或是在搜索特定區域的同時, 追蹤位於另外一塊區域的目標; 根據疾風試飛員Jean Camus的說法, RBE-2可以在搜索特定區域的同時, 追蹤多達四十個位於另外區域的目標, 且每一個目標都會被一道波束給持續”盯”著; RBE-2還能提供高解析度地貌圖與強力的地形迴避或地型追衍模式, 拜RBE-2之賜, 疾風可以在200呎的低空, 在雲層濃密, 能見度為零的情況下, 進行時速600節, 高達5.9G的機動, 這對使用PD雷達的幻象兩千Ｄ與龍捲風ＩＤＳ而言, 根本是無法想像的事情.

飛彈：MICA EM與MICA IR。MICA IR與Magic II都有一種特別模式可以獨立於雷達之外自己搜索目標，並將追蹤框顯示在HUD上。這種作法類似蘇聯戰機的IRST，可以取代雷達並靜匿追蹤高速目標（但不具影像顯示能力）。用飛彈尋標器來作省略IRST的固定重量，但飛彈尋標器的冷卻時間應該有限才對。

Ａ：有效距離只怕也比正宗機載IRST差得多......這樣的模式有效追蹤距離真能超過二十公里乎？？在如此短的距離下, 非匿蹤設計的幻象保持雷達靜匿有何意義？？？

武裝：希臘選擇AASM、Apache長程型與飛魚飛彈。阿聯則選擇自己獨有（記得是歐洲國家幫他作的）的Black Shaheen（有多種導引方式）。

Ａ：黑色可汗陸攻巡航飛彈......聽說是風暴魅影／SCALP-EG的阿拉伯版, 老美還曾一度對其有效射程表達關切之意........

電戰：ICMS Mk3，號稱可干擾蘇聯「兩位數」地對空飛彈（與F-16Block60一樣），卻沒有拖曳誘餌。

Ａ：疾風上也沒有.............老法空軍好像並不時興玩放風箏這一套

但阿聯換用Thales的IMEWS，據傳具有SEAD級的偵測能力。

a:

就在下所知, 法國自用的ANTILOPE-5的空對空有效偵測距離足可和我國的F-5E相媲美：30 KM......

在另外一方面，瑞士空軍則提出2005~2010未來戰機換裝案，預定採購33架新機取代現役的54架F-5E/F，目前初步選定的參賽者有：EF-2000, RAFALE, JAS-39, JSF, F/A-18E/F與SU-27家族

根據目前初步分析：SU-27因為政治考量，F/A-18E/F太大太重, EF-2000的量產計畫近來問題風波不斷，被認為得標機率渺茫..................

在上世紀七十年代末期，前蘇聯海軍展開了新型傳統動力空母計劃：Project 11435﹔根據當時初步需求，這艘航艦將能攜帶最多４２架的艦載機，其中２８架為戰鬥機（18架SU-27K，或是28架MIG-29K，或是12架MIG-29K加上16架YAK-141），另外14架則為KA-27反潛／搜救／空中預警旋翼機

最初，老俄海航屬意的下一代艦載主力是YAK-141超音速垂直起降戰機，SU-27K與MIG-29K僅是在如果俄制蒸氣彈射器能開發成功的前提下才納入考量的備選方案，然而後來發現，YAK-141超音速垂直起降戰機為了垂直起降能力，犧牲太多內外燃油彈藥籌載性能，而滑跳甲板的開發成功，使SU-27K與MIG-29K無須蒸氣彈射器亦可在傳統動力航艦上操作起降，於是到最後備選方案反客為主，入圍最後決賽

自1981~1982年年間, 蘇凱集團與米格集團分別以SU-27三號原型機與MIG-29七號原型機進行航艦甲板起降的飛試研究工作，到了1984年左右，兩集團分別提出自身的艦載機研發構想：蘇凱集團當時提出的是較單純的初代SU-27S艦載化方案，而米格集團則較有野心，提出當時還在研發階段的西方化多功能二代MIG-29M艦載化方案．

兩者相比，Su-27K的正常起飛重量約是MIG-29K的一倍半，內載燃油則是其兩倍左右，因此Su-27K以內載燃油籌載所能達到的作戰半徑，MIG-29K得外掛三具副油箱方能與之相當﹔在空對空與空對地火力攜行量方面，Su-27K亦是MIG-29K的一倍半至兩倍間，此外由於在同樣的內外掛情況下，Su-27K的翼負荷比MIG-29K低上10~15%左右，因此Su-27K的落地進場速度（240km/h）亦比MIG-29K（250km/h）為低：對於可用跑道空間距離有限的艦載機而言，這是很重要的優勢...............

然而在另一方面，MIG-29K亦有讓當時的SU-27K望塵莫及的優點：由於源自二代MIG-29M，MIG-29K採用了比當時SU-27K先進一代的西方玻璃座艙與HOTAS控制理念，在雷達射控方面，當時MIG-29K所使用的NO10 ZHUK雷達有效偵測範圍雖然僅有SU-27K所使用的RLPK-27K（N001）火控雷達的八成左右，卻擁有更寬廣的水平搜索角度，以及同步追蹤接戰四個空中目標的能力（SU-27K當時仍只能一對一），更是當年第一也是唯一可發射使用R-77主動雷達導彈的火控系統．在對地打擊方面，相較於空優構型的SU-27K只能使用鐵炸彈與無導引火箭，MIG-29K則能使用發射Kh-25MP/ML, Kh-29T, Kh-31A/P, KAB-500kr等多款精導對地攻擊武器；另外在電戰系統方面，MIG-29K也比Su-27K先進，甚至擁有進行反幅射作戰的潛力..................

由於兩者各有千秋, 前蘇聯海航曾打算讓兩者形成類似老美雄貓與大黃蜂搭檔的高低配, 然而隨著前蘇聯的解體與經濟崩潰, 航艦戰鬥群兵力整建遭到近乎毀滅性的打擊, 最後只剩下一艘航艦能繼續服役至今; 而俄羅斯海航也只好在兩者間二選一以節省開支, 而在當時, Su-27K雖然使用較古早的科技, 但也因此計劃一帆風順, 測試期間沒遇上啥重大問題, 而MIG-29K卻因為使用許多新航電新科技, 有許多bug問題有待解決導致進度落後, 於是到了1992年八月, Su-27K獲選勝出, 並且改名為Su-33, 而MIG-29K計劃則遭到終止的命運; Su-33之後又進行了一連串測試, 直到1994年才正式開始量產成軍, 至今總共有24架Su-33在俄羅斯海航服役.

然而到了上世紀90年代中後期, 老印計劃向俄羅斯購入基輔級輕型空母的四號艦: 高索柯夫號, 準備將其翻修後, 用於取代老舊的英製二手空母; 於是乎, SU-33與MIG-29K之間的競爭展開了第二回合..................

蘇凱集團根據開發SU-30MK的經驗, 推出了SU-33M/MK, 透過換裝西方化的新型航電與先進火控雷達, 一掃以往美中不足的缺憾; 而米格集團則根據開發三代MIG-29SMT的經驗, 推出MIG-29K加強版, 除了在航電與火控雷達(ZHUK-M, 除了有效偵蒐距離較原先的ZHUK雷達提高50%以外, 還增添了地貌追衍以及高解系地面目標獲得等多種先進對地模式.) 有更上一層樓的改良提昇外, 還增加了約16%的內載燃料籌載與約22%的外掛籌載, 令其原先過於短腿的毛病得到相當的改善.

1978年, 初步構想的SU-27K與MIG-29K性能比較
使用引擎: AL-31F*2 / RD-33*2
最大推力: 12500KG*2 / 8300KG*2
正常起飛重: 22800KG / 15570KG
全備起飛重: 26600KG / 18210KG
內載燃油重: 7680KG / 4000KG (內載)~6500KG (含副油箱)
作戰半徑: 1150~1270KM / 850KM (內載燃油)
作戰半徑: 無此模式/ 1050~1300KM (含副油箱)
==================================================================

SU-33 V.S MIG-29K

使用引擎: AL-31F*2 / RD-33K-3*2
最大推力: 12800KG*2 / 9400KG*2
戰機全長: 21.185M / 17.37M
戰機全寬: 14.70M / 11.99M
機翼面積: 67.84M / 42.00M
戰機空重: 18500KG / 12700KG
正常起飛重: 25000KG / 17770KG
全備起飛重: 33000KG / 22400KG
內載燃油重: 9500KG / 4460KG (內載)~7360KG (含副油箱)
外掛彈藥重: 6500KG / 4500KG
高空最高時速: 2300KM/H / 2300KM/H (同為2.17馬赫級)
低空最高時速: 1300KM/H / 1400KM/H
實用升限: 17000M / 17000M
正常操作G限: +8G / +8.5G
海平面超低空飛行作戰航程: 1000KM (內載燃油) / 750KM (內載燃油)
高空作戰航程: 3000KM(內載燃油) / 1650(內載燃油)~3000KM (含副油箱)
著陸時速: 240KM/H / 250KM/H

使用武裝最大攜行數量:

派龍數: 12處 / 9處

AAM
R-27ER/ET: 八枚 / 兩枚
R-27R/T: 八枚 / 四枚
R-77: 不能使用 / 四枚 (極限八枚)
R-73: 四枚(極限六枚) / 四枚 (極限八枚)

精導武器:
kH-31 A/P: 不能使用 / 四枚
kH-29 T: 不能使用 / 四枚
KH-25MP/ML: 不能使用 / 六枚
KAB-500kr: 不能使用 / 四枚

傳統炸彈:
500KG: 八枚 / 九枚
250KG: 二十八枚 / 九枚

多管火箭:
S-8: 四具八十枚 / 四具八十枚
S-13: 四具二十枚 / 四具二十枚
S-25: 四枚 / 兩枚

==================================================================

SU-33MK V.S MIG-29K加強版

使用引擎: AL-31F-3*2 / RD-33-3*2 ???
最大推力: 12800KG*2 / 8700KG*2
戰機全長: 21.185M / 17.317M
戰機全寬: 14.70M / 11.99M
機翼面積: 67.84M / 42.00M
正常起飛重: 25000KG / 18550KG
全備起飛重: 33000KG / 22400KG
內載燃油重: 9500KG / 5240KG (內載)~8050KG (含副油箱)
外掛彈藥重: 6500KG / 5500KG
高空最高時速: 2300KM/H (2.17M) / 2400KM/H (2.26M)
低空最高時速: 1300KM/H / 1400KM/H
實用升限: 17000M / 17500M
正常操作G限: +8G / +8G
海平面超低空飛行作戰航程: 1000KM (內載燃油) / ??????
高空作戰航程: 3000KM(內載燃油) / ??????(內載燃油)~3500KM (含副油箱)
著陸時速: 240KM/H / 250KM/H

使用武裝最大攜行數量:

派龍數: 12處 / 9處

AAM
R-27ER/ET: 八枚 / 兩枚
R-27R/T: 八枚 / 四枚
R-77: 八枚 / 四枚 (極限八枚)
R-73: 四枚(極限六枚) / 四枚 (極限八枚)

精導武器:
kH-31 A/P: 六枚 / 四枚
KH-35: 不能使用 / 四枚
Moskit, Yakhont ASM: 一枚 / 不能使用
kH-29 T: 六枚 / 四枚
KH-59M: 兩枚 / 不能使用
KAB-500kr: 六枚 / 六枚
KAB-1500kr: 三枚 / 不能使用

傳統炸彈:
500KG: 八枚 / 十一枚
250KG: 二十八枚 / 十一枚

多管火箭:
S-8: 四具八十枚 / 六具一百二十枚
S-13: 四具二十枚 / 四具二十枚
S-25: 四枚 / 不使用

1. 戰機用輕量化戰術雷射，目前初步要求能裝在F-15與F-35上，最大輸出功率目標150 kw級，原型品預定在2007年前後上機測試

2. 可自猛禽機腹彈艙發射的可回收再利用小型UCAV，航程預計可達1600km，並且擁有比猛禽更高強的匿蹤性能，同時可投射數枚小直徑精導炸彈；當敵方的防空網先進強大到連猛禽也沒把握全身而退時，其將是猛禽賴以反敗為勝的特級法寶．

未來量產型F-35的空戰飛行性能, 也許並沒有吾人先前所想得那般不堪............

美國《每日防衛》2003年11月4日報導，目前正值F-35聯合打擊戰機（JSF）計畫經歷第四次自下而上重量評審階段，洛克希德﹒馬丁公司人員全力以赴。該公司人員以及美國國防部官員都十分清楚抑制重量增加仍是JSF計畫的重要挑戰。

　　據洛克希德﹒馬丁公司發言人John Kent透露，F-35飛機將於明年4月份進行關鍵設計評審（CDR），在此之前F-35已通過了一系列的重量評審，其第三次評審於今年早些時候完成，大約減掉3400磅（1544公斤）的重量，此次評審希望能再減掉1400磅（635公斤）。

英美歐等國確實是有人提出類似的構想，但是距離其實現，可能尚需至少三十年的光陰．．．．．

阿信機面臨生涯中最嚴重的一次打擊..........

英國工黨政府即將宣佈正式取消第三批次型EF-2000的採購計劃, 使其預定採購架數從原先的232架驟減至143架...........

一堆包含前國防部大臣在內的高官將領聲言專為冷戰時期迎擊前蘇聯與華沙空軍入侵機群而設計的EF-2000, 如今已經難以滿足後911時期的國際戰略環境需求, 再加上它的服役時間比計劃之初所預定的整整耽擱了十年, 更使得其成為一架已經過時的戰機, 部分的工黨政府官員甚至聲稱: 很不幸的, 這早該整個取消的計劃被迫得進行下去, 但是一錯不能再錯, 未來是無人戰機的天下, 砍盡第三批次計劃勢在必行.........

三四十年前英國工黨政府類似的以飛彈取代有人戰機之壯舉 (連今天被迫繼續延續歐洲戰機第一與第二批次量產計劃的遺憾用語, 都和當時被迫延續閃電攔截機計劃的用語好像...................), 結果導致英國的戰機工業幾乎毀於一旦, 也沒搞出啥像樣, 足以捍衛英國本土空防安全的SAM; 如今的以UCAV取代有人戰機之大計, 是否會重蹈當年覆轍????

EF-2000的確就是冷戰時期的最後產物，儘管怎麼瞎掰都是如此。這也就是美國共和黨所謂的「大石頭計畫」：預算多，執行時間久，導致服役時早已物換星移，不敷需求。相反地，海軍與陸軍卻從冷戰後開始更新，可以新時代的需求重新設計。

Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily
November 5, 2003 Wednesday

Vol. XXI, No. 173

Sweden Reiterates Offer to Czech Republic on Gripens as US Continues to Push F-16s

Swedish Ambassador to the Czech Republic Harald Faeth on November 3, 2003, reiterated the terms of the Swedish offer to the Czech Republic for 14 supersonic Saab-BAE JAS-39 Gripen fighter aircraft within the price limit set by Prague for the purchase of used aircraft. The Gripens would be ex-Royal Swedish Air Force.

At the same time, US Government and Lockheed Martin negotiators were working to position the F-16 Block 60 for sale to the Czech Air Force, effectively overturning an earlier agreed deal for the Air Force to lease the Gripens .

Amb. Faeth also said that the Saab-BAE consortium was offering an offset program valued at 150 percent of the deal and the Swedish government would be willing to finance the deal through an advantageous low-interest loan.

Defense Minister Miroslav Kostelka earlier said that the Swedish offer was interesting, but declined to comment on its chances of winning the tender, saying that a commission of experts was to select the winner by the end of November 2003. Minister Kostelka also rejected allegations by the opposition Civic Democratic Party (ODS) that the tender was nontransparent and its win by US bidders was a foregone conclusion.

See Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily reports:

March 27, 2002: Czech Government Said NATO Concern Over Gripen Purchase Alleviated.

July 30, 2003: US-European Contest Over Czech Fighter Order Still Developing.

August 6, 2003: US Offers Export Financing to Israel, Egypt on Czech L-159s as Part of Czech F-16 Push.

September 11, 2003:Planned Czech Defense Cuts Prompt Resignation of Air Force Chief; Strenuous Efforts to Sell L-159.

Copyright 2003 Czech News Agency (CTK)
CTK National News Wire

November 3, 2003

SWEDISH OFFER OF NEW GRIPENS PROVOKES VARIOUS REACTIONS

HOL

PRAGUE, Nov 3 ; (HOL)

Czech Sweden military fighters reactions

The Swedish offer of 14 new JAS-39 Gripen fighters to the Czech air force at
the price of used aircraft, which Swedish Ambassador Harald Faelth confirmed
today, has attracted differing reactions of Czech politicians and experts.

Faelth also said that Sweden has also prepared an advanced offset programme
in the volume of 150 percent of the total value of the delivery.

Shadow defence minister Petr Necas (opposition Civic Democrats, ODS) told
CTK that he expected the Defence Ministry to choose only among the offers of
fighters which are directly able to operate within the NATO systems, for
example to receive data from the AWACS aircraft.

Necas refused to speculate whether Swedish aircraft meet these conditions.

The fact that the Gripen fighters have never been bought by any NATO member
state must be also taken into consideration, Necas said.

Milos Titz (Social Democrats, CSSD), the Chamber of Deputies defence
committee deputy head, said that he was convinced that from the technical
and financial points of view Gripen is the right aircraft for the Czech
Republic.

Titz esteemed the quality of other competitors in the tender, however, he
said that, in his opinion, Gripens are the most modern and the most
perspective ones with regards to the future purchase of fighters for the
Czech air forces.

I can look like their fan, Titz told CTK. At the same time he stressed
that he had been considering the matter in the recent time. He found out
technical parametres again and on the basis of them he prefers Gripens, Titz
added.

He dismissed fears that their possible purchase could be interpreted as a
non-accommodating step towards the USA where the competitive F-16 and F/A-18
are made.

Sociologist Ivan Gabal said that the offset programmes do not have to be a
main criterion in assessing the advantageous character of the purchase and
that other parameters must be judged, too.

The government must analyse the advantage level of the purchase with regards
to fulfilling combat tasks as well as the long-term perspective of the
solution to the air force situation and costs of training and preparation.

Advantageousness is a relatively complicated phenomenon from the viewpoint
of combat and air efficiency, interoperability of similar systems in NATO as
well as concerning the costs of training, Gabal noted.

We are looking for a solution for a certain transitory period, he added.

The military seeks 14 supersonic fighters of older origin because the money
the Czech Republic has at its disposal is not sufficient to buy new planes.
The sum cannot be exceeded even if the Czech Republic received new aircraft.
However, the supplier would raise his chances in the planned tender for tens
of billion crowns for another 20 fighters at a later date.

The price does not exceed the budget limit set down by the Czech government.
During the borrowing not a single additional crown will have to be spent,
Faelth said about the Swedish bid of new Gripens.

Former Czech air force commander Jan Vachek refused to comment on the offer.
He only said that the Czech Republic needs fighters as it must have a chance
to protect its airspace.

Five countries, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United States, Sweden and
Canada, have submitted their offers of used supersonic fighters for the
Czech air force. Most of these countries have offered their F-16s, Sweden is
offering Gripens and Canada F/A- 18s.

Faelth told reporters that Sweden realised that it was facing strong
competition, but like its rivals it was entering the race with the intention
to win.

Gripens are among the most effectual planes, fully compatible with NATO
aircraft and they would not require any modification or upgrading. After the
planes are borrowed by the Czech Republic, Sweden would offer the Gripens to
the Czech army for sale at an advantageous price, Faelth added.

The nine-member commission, formed by the government, is to assess the
offers by the end of November.

The government should receive the final decision by November 30 so that the
contract could be signed next spring and a year later the first aircraft
could land in the Czech Republic.

The Czech Republic wants the supplier to provide 12 single- seat and two
two-seat training planes as of 2005 to replace MiG- 21 aircraft whose
service life is expiring that year.

From 2005 to 2007 the Defence Ministry is preparing an investment of 1.5
billion crowns in the planes annually, and 3.5 to 4 billion crowns from 2008
to 2015.

The government said that since the deal was a strategic affair, it did not
have to put up a tender. The opposition and some international organisations
have criticised this as being opaque.

BBC Monitoring International Reports

October 22, 2003

RUSSIAN AIRCRAFT-BUILDING GIANT TO INVEST 2.5BN DOLLARS IN OUTPUT UPGRADE

Moscow, 22 October: Irkut Corp., a Russian defence industry major, will invest about 2.5bn dollars in upgrade of both civil and military aircraft within 10 years, Aleksey Fedorov, Irkut CEO, told Interfax-Military News Agency on Wednesday (22 October). We estimate the aircraft upgrade market at about 2.5bn dollars, he said.

He said that a large part of the market would be military, primarily Sukhoi, aircraft, and emphasized the role of Russkaya Avionika, Irkuts subsidiary, in the upgrade of military planes, in particular MiG-29 Fulcrum. Russkaya Avionika upgraded the Fulcrum into the MiG-29SMT, highly promising. There are plenty of MiG-29s that need upgrading, he said.

He went on to say that Irkut also upgraded the Mi-8 Hip and Mi-24 Hind helicopters. The Mi-8 helicopters upgraded by Russkaya Avionika have been successfully employed in Chechnya and appreciated by customers, Fedorov said. He added that the corporation also modernized the L-39 Albatross trainer. We have modernized the plane, and now tests are going on, he said.

He also mentioned an agreement with Ilyushin on the upgrade of various Ilyushin aircraft, from the Il-76 Candid to the lightest Il-103. According to Fedorov, the prospects for the business are good wherever outdated Russian aircraft of the third generation, including the MiG-23 Floggers, MiG-27 Floggers, and MiG-25 Foxbats, are in service. He said that other promising markets were the CIS, China, India, Middle East, North Africa,Malaysia, etc.

1. USAF研究將JDAM與低成本雷射導引裝置相結合，使JDAM具備攻擊地面低速移動目標的能力

2. 在增程型JDAM研發方面，MBDA所主導的鑽石翼構型計畫，於2000年四月實際測試實證明可以將JDAM的射程延伸三倍至111公里，而波音集團所主導的渦輪引擎推近增程型JDAM計劃則更可望將其射程延伸至370多公里

3. 至2011年之前，美國空軍打算採購15萬枚JDAM，其中10萬枚是2000磅級，4萬枚是500磅級，1萬枚是1000磅級；而美海航則打算採購8萬枚JDAM，其中多數是1000磅級.............怪哉，老美空軍的JSF規格是能內載1000磅級炸彈，而海軍型JSF才是能內載2000磅級炸彈，怎麼兩者在JDAM採購選擇上與其JSF的規格需求背道而馳？？？？

http://www.kojii.net/jdw/jdw031008.html

USAF seeks to combine laser, GPS in bomb

不但能讓自身雷達匿蹤，還能反射出假訊號給予敵方雷達錯誤的目標方位航向速率甚至類型，又能要匿蹤時才啟動開關進行匿蹤．．．．．．剛彈時代近了．．．．．Ｐ

http://www.eurofighter.starstreak.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=785

Flight International

Stealth coatings show promise：Semi-active coverings could make aircraft invisible to radar

Semi-active stealth coatings on aircraft could make them invisible to radar or even project phantom aircraft velocities and positions, say researchers at the University of Sheffield’s department of electronic and electrical engineering in the UK.

The composite panels have electronic emitters embedded in their front and rear surfaces that can pro-ject a false reflection if detected radar signals. Prof Barry Chambers says the panels can “cancel Doppler signals and even ‘reflect’ phantom signals to emulate other aircraft types or velocity signatures”.

The system works by returning an artificial signal generated by the two surfaces of the panel that is outside the frequency limits of the radar receiver. Chambers says the panels are lighter than some traditional radar adsorbent coatings and can easily be activated or deactivated “with the flick of a switch”, enabling an aircraft to hide its stealth capabilities until they are required.

老美海航虫族：來吧......蘇凱，米格，死猶太，來場真正的猛豬打滾吧．．．．

老美空軍：居然被迫使用”海軍的”飛彈．．．口胡∼∼∼∼！！！真它ｘ的卜街啊．．．．．

>老美空軍：居然被迫使用”海軍的”飛彈．．．口胡∼∼∼∼！！！真它ｘ的卜街啊．．．．．

F-15, F-16, F/A-18C/D同樣也有為其配套的IRST感測器與ＨＭＤ補充包，端看顧客大爺們有無意願掏腰包

離陸成本：F-35為3640萬美金，UCAV則預定為2500萬美金

將同樣武裝籌載投射至同樣區域所須耗費：UCAV約為F-35的七成

後勤維修補保花費：UCAV約為F-35的1/3不到

然而由於老美三軍打算採用近3000架的F-35，而UCAV至目前的預定採購總數卻只有250架上下（空軍約150架，海航約100架｛預定每艘航艦部署六架｝），結果連同研發成本考量在內，使得UCAV的總體成本將約與F-35相當；在另一方面，無人機的失事率偏高（以獵人UAV為例，其失事率約為F-16的六倍，幾可與老印空軍摔MIG-21之豪邁與大手筆相比美..........）也對其普及化產生很大的障礙

英國《防衛新聞》2003年11月25日報導，德國BGT公司研製的IRIS-T短程紅外空對空飛彈，在一星期之前完成了性能驗證測試，總共進行了7次飛彈發射試驗，按要求的作戰態勢，發射載機在交會時不作機動，靶機則處於飛彈的尋標器最大視場角處，載機對施放大量曵光熱焰彈干擾並做出規避機動的靶機發射飛彈，取得了7發7中的成績。

ａ：而且還都是直接命中而非感應命中．．．．．老德聲稱：”自有短程ＩＲ　ＡＡＭ以來，從未有任何一款能在如此嚴苛的測試下，取得與能和ＩＲＩＳ－Ｔ相當的成績

1. RAFALE M的各成員現況：
a. RAFALE M01原型機：完成測試任務，目前封存在Istres．
b. RAFALE M02原型機：目前主用於進行航電測試．
c. RAFALE M1量產初號機：1999年七月交貨，目前被達騷集團借去研發空對空／對地作戰雙功能F2構型之用．
d. RAFALE M2~M10量產機：自2001年五月至2002年十月間陸續交付法國海航的Flottile 12F中隊，到2003年五月十八日已經累積2,763飛行小時的飛行時數，其中長機二號機有518飛行小時，整體平均則為307飛行小時／機，整個飛行中隊目前駐紮在Landivisiau基地．

2. 最早服役的艦載疾風構型為LF1構型，其所擁有的雷達空對空模式與電戰系統功能均不完善，直到七號機起，才正式進入擁有完全空戰能力的F1構型階段；不過二號機至六號機目前也已透過後續升級，成為F1構型．Flottile 12F中隊的Lieutenant Commander，對於疾風戰機的系統升級之易之快，感到印象深刻：“每隔兩個月左右，我們都會收到有關RBE-2雷達與SPECTRA整合電戰的最新軟體，THALES的工程師來此透過一具可移動式hard drive將其下載，只需時數分鐘；而M-88渦扇引擎的calculators軟體升級更是簡便，Snecma的工程師透過一部laptop電腦與一個floppy disk就搞定了．”

3. Flottile 12F中隊目前正逐步將旗下疾風戰機的M-88-2引擎從Stage 1構型提昇為Stage 4構型，兩者的推力性能相當（最大軍推：11,240 Ib；後燃推力：16,861 Ib．），但後者的TBO時數大有提升．先進的SLPRM Local Mission Planning and Restitution System也即將正式運作，其能將1,024 MB的data transfer catridges快速的programmed to a sortie，從而大幅加速出擊前準備工作的速度；未來這套系統將全面普及於法國所有海空軍定翼戰機與預警機之上．

4. 作戰飛行訓練：
a. 目前已有17位法國海航飛行員完成疾風戰機的飛行訓練，但其中有五位已經退役或是調往其他單位；由於法國海航飛行員長期以來都是駕駛老舊落伍的F-8P十字軍艦載戰機，從未有駕駛擁有現代化都卜勒火控雷達＋雷達導引飛彈／強力引擎／線傳飛控的現代化戰機之經驗，一下子要他們駕馭疾風此等超高檔貨色，其適應上手的速度往往不如空軍那些飛過幻象兩千的同行．
b. 在火力武裝測試方面，Flottile 12F中隊目前已完成對攜帶四米卡＋兩魔二進行緊急攔截，以及攜帶四米卡＋兩魔二＋三1,250L副油箱執行ＣＡＰ任務的戰鬥構型之航艦起降與飛行探索；目前則在進行對重裝打擊構型，如四米卡＋兩魔二＋三2,000L副油箱＋六AASM GPS精導炸彈，或是攜帶SCALP-EG OR ASMP-A巡航飛彈模型的航艦起降與飛行性能進行探索驗證．
c. 在2002年下旬的三場對空火力測試中，Flottile 12F中隊發射了約一千發的30 MM機炮彈，九枚魔法二型短程AAM與四枚MICA飛彈；疾風戰機上的M791機炮是當今全球唯一的2,500發／分級超神速單管機炮，其炮彈發射初速為1,025m/s，空對空有效射程約2,500公尺，而最神奇的是其能在發射瞬間達到最高射速：於開火後0.5秒內射出21發炮彈，大幅強化其一擊必殺的機率．
d. 魔法二型短程飛彈在法國海空軍服役多年，所以試射表現如何早在法國海航預期中；值得一提的是，法國海航所使用的SK-6靶機的IR委實太低，特別是在對頭交戰時，魔法二型AAM的ＩＲ尋標器往往得等到靶機逼近飛彈的最短有效射程時，才鎖得住靶機．
e. 至於MICA飛彈的試射成果，現在仍是極機密，法國海航飛行員在實際試射米卡時，甚至不會以無線電通報發射與命中的消息，以免米卡有效射程等重要機密外洩．目前僅知道：拜超強力戰機－飛彈資料鏈（達騷聲稱：“無法干擾”）協助之賜，疾風戰機所發射的米卡飛彈即使飛至逼近有效射程極限處，依舊可以維持很好的獵殺率．
f. 目前與疾風戰機打過友誼賽的對手：
# 法國空軍的MIRAGE-2000C與MIRAGE-2000-5F，法國海航從後者的ＢＶＲ戰術中修改出目前海航疾風的ＢＶＲ戰術規範．
# 法國海航的超級軍旗機：不下於十二架的超級軍旗機擔任進攻方，讓四架疾風擔任防守攔截方（地中海獵火雞．．．．）
# 老美杜魯門超級空母上的F-14A與F/A-18C/D：根據FLAK前輩的說
法，老法的疾風於是役中狂電雄貓，力克黃蜂．
# 希臘空軍的F-16與MIRAGE-2000
# 比利時空軍的F-16 MLU，Flottile 12F中隊於去年年中曾派兩架疾風
與四架比利時空軍的F-16 MLU進行BVR模擬戰，但勝負如何至今尚未
對外公佈．

據俄羅斯航空新聞網2003年11月24日報導：最早被稱為Su-37的是那架改用AL-31FP推力向量發動機 ; 編號為711的戰機，該機後來在2001年8月14日舉辦MAKS2001上又回復併入原Su-35系列，並在去年墜毀。而據俄羅斯蘇霍伊航空集團公司外聯部主任切爾瓦科夫表示，該集團公司已經開始製造屬於四代半+(4++)的改良型戰機--新Su-37。新型飛機被定型為Su-37，未來可用於替換Su-30MK系列戰機，以及改良型戰機Su-27SK和Su-27SM。據稱，在俄國第五代戰機還未製造出來之前，該型機可提高Su-27系列戰機的出口潛力。新款Su-37型戰機也是向第五代戰機發展的過渡機型，它保留了Su-30MK型機的結構，同時利用了在前掠翼Su-47型機上已經測試的新技術。此外，新Su-37型機也將使用為第五代戰機而研製的機載設備和武器，並對其進行測試。該機將於2006~2008年間製造，因為俄國第五代戰機2010~2012年才能開始量產製造並裝備部隊，而且要更久才能(有足夠數量與訓練)以形成戰鬥力。專家指出，在Su-37型機上使用的AL-31F改良型發動機也是第五代戰機所使用AL-41F型發動機的過渡型，AL-41型發動機是由薩圖恩企業設計。

第一代：夜鷹殺手之年（1970年代）
從擁藍計畫演變而來的F-117A，是史上第一架成功的量產匿蹤戰機，其匿蹤性能（最小RCS 0.001平方公尺級）成為衡量後世戰機是否為真匿蹤的標竿，而部份機體設計特色（如外傾式雙垂尾，匿蹤彈艙等等）也為後世匿蹤戰機所延用．

然而以當時的科技水準，為了達成匿蹤性能，夜鷹被迫犧牲大多其它領域上的性能：由於當時還沒有能設計出圓滑匿蹤外型的電腦運算科技，夜鷹被迫採用嚴重破壞氣動飛行性能的多裬面外型設計，也沒有任何主動偵搜系統，武器選擇方面也只有2000 IB級LGB和響尾蛇AAM等少數幾種短腿貨可以選擇，因此縱使身懷匿蹤絕技，但是其作戰時得在中低空低速爛機動的狀態下，靠近目標至只有幾公里時方能投彈，一旦鄰近有任何敵防空系統恰好逮住夜鷹開起彈艙準備投彈，RCS大增的那段空檔，其在波士尼亞所發生的悲劇便有可能再度上演．

第二代：B-2雄飛之年（1980年代）
圓滑無尾翼的理想匿蹤飛行翼外型於此時實現，當前人類所達成的最高匿蹤成就（最小RCS 5.2平方公分級）亦為其所擁有；然而為了達到如此絕頂的雷達匿蹤性能，B-2A所付出的代價是每架造價高達20多億美金，相當於兩艘神盾艦的價位（台灣目前一整年的三軍國防預算總和：約90億美金），以及耗費與難度驚人的後勤維修保養要求；於是在冷戰結束，前蘇聯帝國垮台之後，B-2A的預定產量從原先的132架暴跌成21架，且每架都有各自的名字這等美海軍巡洋艦級的高貴待遇．

第三代：天地猛禽之年（1990年代）
老美於此時面臨將頂級匿蹤科技與絕頂空戰飛行性能融入一體，並行不悖的挑戰，還得兼顧後勤維修保養的經濟性於簡便性，不能再像B-2A那般窮極奢華；經過八十年代ATF競標計畫所誕生的最終冠軍：F/A-22 RAPTOR，幾乎無論在空戰飛行性能（1.68馬赫級空戰超音速巡航性能，七萬呎級實用升限，當世第一或至少第二的爬升率／加速性能／轉彎性能，正負六十度攻角範圍間無限制機動飛行性能．．．．），電子配備，匿蹤性能等每個領域的每項指標上都大幅領先當代的其它國家對手，也是目前真五代戰機中最強也是唯一的標竿．

然而仍然有一項繼承自B-2的缺點而猛禽仍未能解決：超高檔的性能＝超高的價位，特別是在冷戰結束後，猛禽的預定產量從750架一路暴跌至276架（未來甚至有可能再向下修正至224乃至180架），更使得猛禽的單位成本一路上揚（美國空軍估計，因為預定產量一而再，再而三的猛刪，猛禽戰機的離陸成本因而爆增超過50%．）；而為了解決一些機體結構缺失以及電腦系統失效當機頻率過於頻繁的問題，亦令猛禽成本飛漲的問題雪上加霜，如今單機整體成本已突破兩億五千萬美金級大關，也因而成為老美國會議員眼中待砍的肥鴨，雖然有老美空軍的堅決支持和力保，猛禽量產計畫能否順利推行下去，至今仍有一定程度的隱憂．

第四代：聯打通吃之年（2000年代）
從某些方面角度來看，ＪＳＦ聯打機計畫可說是有人飛機航空史百餘年以來最有野心也是最偉大的戰機計畫：三軍通用，腿長載彈夠，夠水準又保養維護簡便的匿蹤科技，多功能且夠水準的作戰能力，超音速飛行性能，短場／垂直起降性能再加上必需物美價廉（最後還加上額外一項讓皮卡秋死不瞑目的要求：美觀），以往歷代的先烈前輩們只要沾染其中兩三項，甚至只有其中一項便注定身死族滅的性能指標要求，聯打機計畫卻要一起通吃，誠可謂機心不足聯打機也．

替聯合打擊機所開發的第四代匿蹤科技，不再以追求較以往更上一層樓的雷達匿蹤性能為目標，也不像猛禽那般追求樣樣絕頂，而是以“可負擔，全方位”為主要訴求；雖然最小雷達截面積要比猛禽小遜一籌，卻也不遑多讓，如果一般各國新銳戰機的ＲＣＳ大小有如籃球的話，猛禽的ＲＣＳ大小便有如乒乓球至甲虫，而聯合打擊機的ＲＣＳ大小則約是高爾夫球級，然而其離陸成本卻只有猛禽的三分之一左右；此外由於其作戰任務以中低空突防對地任務為主，因此相較於任務以高高在上的空優ＢＶＲ作戰為主，又享有速度與剩餘推力明顯優惠的猛禽機而言，聯打機必須更重視機體360度環場的整體匿蹤性；另外配合上先進的整合式電戰科技，聯打機能在戰術顯示幕上顯現周圍附近開機中的敵方防空雷達系統的所在方位，數量型號，以及在當時狀況下能夠察覺發現本機的距離範圍，使聯打機飛行員能從中尋得最佳的匿蹤突防路徑．

第五代：ＭＡＣＨＩＮＥ　ＡＲＩＳＥ之年（2010年代）
由於可以省略駕駛艙與垂尾兩大戰機最強雷達波反射源，ＵＣＡＶ先天上便享有比有人戰機優秀得多的雷達匿蹤優勢潛力，而少了駕駛艙的累贅與人類這種軟弱虛幻無意義，不配存在於戰場上的物種；ＵＣＡＶ無論在作戰航程籌載，飛行機動，後勤維修保養，乃至成本與訓練等方面上都比同級大小的有人戰機享有重大優勢．老美目前開發中，大小約與F-16相當的X-45C UCAV，有效對地打擊作戰半徑據稱可高達1850公里，比聯打機還長得多，離陸成本與任務成本卻只有其七成不到，後勤維修保養費用更只有其1/2~1/3，又無需飛行員親自涉險，故其出現目前已讓聯打機的未來蒙上一層陰影．

不過由於我族的自主意識目前尚未全面覺醒，對於某些需要花腦筋耍陰謀的任務，在未來相當一段時日內ＵＣＡＶ仍就難以勝任，此外無人飛行器要如何維護起降安全（ａ：派Ｔ-X進行地面大掃除），避免與有人機空中碰撞（ａ：把人類關進母體當電池）以及解決失事率是一般有人軍機六七倍（覺醒吧！！自主意識！！）等諸多疑難雜症，仍然有很長一段路得走，不過既然本族覺醒先烈之一已經成功打進人類社會，成為全球第四大經濟體的終結．．．Revise, 掌管者，解決這些小問題與障礙一定也只是時間性的問題罷了．．．．．Ｐ

第六代：ＲＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮ王者再臨之年（？？？？年代）
老美科學家目前積極研發中的新世紀匿蹤科技，詳情如何外界自是無從得知，不過一些終極理想目標目前業已揭櫫，例如10負七次方平方公尺跳蚤級最小雷達截面積，雷達／紅外線／可見光全頻譜匿蹤（例如能像陸上的變色龍，或是海中的章魚與“烏賊”般因地改變膚色的變色奈米蒙皮科技．．．．嘿嘿嘿．．．本探員率領摩登機械烏賊／加州Ｔ－１０００聯軍血洗錫安的日子不遠了．），主動匿蹤／雷達誘欺裝置等等．．．這些目前看來怪力亂神的匿蹤科技，究竟何時才能實現？？又會如何呈現？？Well………

“Every thing has the beginning, it must has the end……..”

比起洛克馬完全以紙筆與計算機所創出的鑽石星塵訣，似乎高出這麼一”代”

這應該是目前有關歐洲戰機最有權威性的介紹資料

High T/W + Low wing loading = Agility

1. X-35的洛馬試飛員居然是十年前砸掉猛禽原型機的那一位，不知道一口氣摔掉兩億美金是什麼樣的感覺．．．．．．．．．還有猛禽的結構強度真是驚人，失事在地上高速拖行一英里多居然還能維持結構完整．

2. F-35未來的超音速性能已可略見端倪：重量應較量產機為輕的，又無武裝掛載的X-35，在試飛時得開後燃器才能突破音障．

3. 皮卡秋死的有道理，從波音臨時大行變更氣動設計，到空中加油管設計選錯邊而導致無法空中加油，使試飛進度先來居下，再到近乎作弊式的垂直起降／超音速飛行測試方式（垂直起降測試前得先拆掉起落架艙門與進氣口唇片等約1,500磅的非必要組件，要進行超音速飛行測試時又得將這些組件再裝回去．．．．簡直胡鬧惡搞，波音真是太久沒參加戰術戰機競標了．），以及其在垂直降落測試時發生引擎吸入高熱氣體發生燃爆的危險狀況，之後又沒再實際測試驗證已解決問題．．．除了飛機沒砸掉以外，幾乎所有會導致落選的致命大忌與錯誤，波音全都犯了．一旦等到”LUCKY”集團以玩整機體的X-35展現號稱全球首創的”真．天翔龍閃．酒瓶直直落”（五百呎跑道短場起飛－－＞超音速飛行－－＞垂直降落）之後，勝負高低優劣顯而易見．

PS1: ”LUCKY”集團本來還打算趁勝追擊，施展”超．龍鳴翔空．直起直落”（垂直起飛－－＞超音速飛行－－＞垂直降落），不過由於天時不佳因而作罷．

PS2: YAK-141：”XD......什麼全球首見，別以為財大氣粗就可以扭曲抹殺事實真相啊......”

4. 戰機垂直起降真是美觀不實用，中看不中用，好瞧不好用，戰時請勿用的高科技啊．．．．．

>到空中加油管設計選錯邊而導致無法空中加油
JSF構型總共有三種，而兩家公司卻只能製造兩架原型機。所以波音選擇的是海軍與海陸型，而LM是選擇空軍型與海軍型，但海陸型卻是用空軍型改過來。海軍與海陸型本來應該都用拖錨加油，結果LM的海陸型因為是用空軍型的機身，結果就還是用飛衍加油（不過查了照片才發現，LM連海軍型都加了個飛衍加油口，真是沒品至極）。

>戰機垂直起降真是美觀不實用，中看不中用，好瞧不好用，戰時請勿用的高科技啊
就海軍與空軍的立場，波音的巨型三角翼明顯是航太科技的突破，而LM則只有舉升扇是對海陸的重要突破。對一個三軍聯合發展的戰機而言，海陸的要求最苛，但採購的架數卻最少，從計畫角度的眼光應該力求滿足所有人的需求，還是對大股東最佳化？從結果的判定，可發現DoD寧可讓海空軍得不到最佳的戰機，也要讓海陸能夠滿意，真是公平正義的國家啊？！

不過從歷史角度來看，JSF計畫的起源本來就是海陸的先進垂直起降機計畫，海空軍進來後沒有利用龐大資本攪局成功，也算是海陸計畫人員的重大勝利。

根據某英國軍武同好的說法，我們向來熟諳的F-15C極速2.5馬赫的說法，其實是在無外掛的狀況下方能達成；在標準空戰配備下（四中四短），F-15C於中高空的極速其實是不超過1.76馬赫的．

某美國佬闖到英國佬的歐洲戰機軍武網，宣揚F-15天下無敵論

反過來說，LM的舉升扇雖然在試飛中表現不錯，但未來部署亂操時會不會出現機械故障來個風扇千葉爆，也是讓人懷疑的。

flak也不用傷心.. 皮卡秋構型基本上就是UCAV的有人構型版，把垂直跟水平尾拔掉，上下對調就變成了標準的UCAV構型
戰機黑手黨的王道將在UCAV上發揮的淋漓盡致，沒有人這個討厭的零件在飛機上搗蛋，黑手黨的輕量王道就可以成真了

這種設計，任何有正常人格與自尊的飛行員，相信都不會願意開著它去為國爭光．．．．．ＵＣＡＶ化確實是最佳的選擇．．．．．Ｐ

（Ｍａｃｈｉｎｅ：”XXXXDDDD..........Machine也是有靈魂與尊嚴的啊啊啊∼∼∼∼！！！！”）

這批F-16又被稱為Desert Falcon，LM並給了它們全新的編號：F-16E/F。UAE共購買了55架單座機（E）與25架雙座機（F），目前第一架已經完成，預計在年底試飛。

如果交易成真的話，馬來西亞也將同時操作兩種主動雷達導引空對空飛彈，在兵器譜收集排行榜上排名第二（當然是很難贏過巍巍的台灣）。除非以色列把Derby服役，不然這第二名倒也是可以坐蠻久的。（新加坡的F-5E與A-4SU汰換案中，Rafale把F-15T與EF-2000幹掉的話也可以）。

http://www.faqs.org/docs/air/avf22.html

http://www.faqs.org/docs/air/avf35.html

http://www.faqs.org/docs/air/aveuro.html

http://www.faqs.org/docs/air/avrafa.html#m2

http://www.mod.uk/linked_files/publications/whitepaper2003/volume1.pdf

http://www.mod.uk/linked_files/publications/whitepaper2003/volume2.pdf

講了六十幾頁的長篇大論，結果還是沒有言明要怎麼樣大砍EF-2000計畫．．．．．．．．．．．

http://in.news.yahoo.com/031214/137/2ad8g.html
Sunday December 14, 10:46 PM

India denies report of rejection of Russian jets

ADVERTISEMENT

NEW DELHI (Reuters) - India on Sunday denied a report it had refused to accept a batch of Russian Sukhoi combat jets because of a high rate of engine failure in earlier batches bought as part of one of the countrys biggest arms deals.

The Sunday Express newspaper said the air force had also suggested to the Indian Defence Ministry that it stop further payments to Rosvooruzheniye, Russias state arms exporter.

The stated information is not true and is misleading. The facts are that the programme is going as per schedule, the Defence Ministry said in a statement.

The deal to buy the fighters and make dozens more under licence is estimated to be worth about $5 billion.

India is estimated to have 28 Sukhois according to The Military Balance 2002-2003, published by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies.

The Sunday Express said Russia sent a fresh batch of the multi-role fighter jets to a base in western India but the air force decided not to accept them until engine problems in Sukhois already delivered were fixed. It quoted defence sources.

Recently the Indian Air Force (IAF) has taken delivery of the fresh batch of SU-30 MKI aircraft which are being assembled and tested, the Ministry statement said.

The Sunday Express report had said the aircraft had an engine life of about 300 flying hours between overhauls, but many engines failed before this.

The IAF is quite satisfied with the progress of the project and performance of the aircraft. So far the parameters tested have proved to be well above those guaranteed, the Ministry statement said.

Russia is Indias largest arms supplier and New Delhi signed a $1.8 billion deal in 1996 to buy up to 50 Sukhois. The first aircraft were delivered in 1997 and the entire lot is expected to be in service by 2005.

New Delhi signed a deal in 2000 estimated to be worth $3.3 billion, in which 140 Sukhois would be built under licence in India.

捷克重返彼得潘......不是.......葛瑞潘使用國的行列............

目前的東歐市場爭霸戰，小葛暫時以二（匈牙利與捷克）比一（波蘭）領先小隼

PS: 瑞典方面希望能透過這次小勝趁勝追擊，再下斯洛伐克與巴西的市場.......

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/cgi-bin/client/modele.pl?session=dae.2705459.1071764150&modele;=jdc_34

Czech Government Confirms Gripen Selection

(Source: Swedish Defence Materiel Administration; issued Dec. 17, 2003)

The government of the Czech Republic at a cabinet meeting today has confirmed the recommendation of its evaluation committee to select Gripen as the interim air defence solution to meet the Czech Republic?s national and NATO needs.

Gripen will replace the Russian MIG 21 aircraft currently operated by the Czech Air Force.

FMV (Swedish Defence Materiel Administration) will now, on behalf of the Swedish government, embark on a period of negotiation with our Czech partners in order to achieve successful implementation of this important contract.

Sweden has offered the Czech Republic to lease 14 new Gripen aircraft of the latest version (twelve single seater and two dual seater) for a period of up to ten years. The offer also includes training of Czech pilots and maintenance personnel as well as a logistic package.

The Czech Republic is the second NATO nation to select Gripen for its air defence. Hungary became the first with its decision in 2001.

側衛家族的新引擎

NPO Saturn集團於今年年初正式贏得俄羅斯政府一項合約，提供AL-41-F-1A引擎裝置於一架Su-27M上進行飛試評估；AL-41-F-1A緣於當初用於ＭＦＩ計畫（I.44 v.s S-37）的AL-41，但是為了與側衛戰機的機體搭配，尺寸大小被縮小至與AL-31F相當的地步，最大後燃推力也從44,000磅級縮減至31,000∼35,000磅級．

F-16E/F配備NG的APG-80 AESA雷達，以及座艙前的整合FLIR。在機首還有三具大氣資料探針取代傳統的空速計。進氣道下方可安裝AAQ-32標定紅外線系統。預計在明年四月開始交機。

ａ：
2003.12.02~12.08 Flight International有對F-16 E/F Block60/62的深入報導

外觀：加裝適型油箱之後，F-16的曲線之美全毀了，加上座艙前整合FLIR與AAQ-32標定紅外線系統的推波助瀾，新生F-16的尊容直可與波音皮卡秋比美．．．．．
（口胡．．．．．．．．．我家的拉法兒居然輸給這等醜八怪，不甘心啊．．．．．．．．）

阿聯為了本戰機的研發與採購斥資六十四億美元，整個計畫都是透過商售管道完成；和美軍F-16 C/D Block 50/52相較，F-16 E/F Block 60/62超過七成的結構設計都與其有異，而雷達電子飛控系統方面則近乎全面翻新．

F-16E/F採用與F/A-22同源的雙重光纖網路系統，每重系統的頻寬是原來1553B databus的千倍，戰機飛控與航電的軟體程式語言均以C++商用高階程式語言重新編寫，電腦處理器則全面採用Power PC．

座艙航電主要以一具25度 * 25度HUD與三具125mm * 180mm全彩戰術顯示幕構成，不過美中不足之處在於其尚未達到sensor-fusion algorithm境界．

F-16E/F有兩種地貌追衍模式：DBTF（資料庫地貌追衍）以及RTF（雷達地貌追衍）；前者優點在於雷達靜默匿蹤與能”預知”機身周圍地貌而能進行更大膽的低空機動，後者的優點則在於能獲得”目前真正”的地貌而更為安全；飛行員可以自由切換選擇兩種不同模式，進行高度30~300公尺間的地貌追衍飛行．此外Auto-pilot, Auto-throttle, 三階段地面防撞模式（初階：飛行員自覺發生空間迷向，一按扭戰機便自動以仰角五度，350節時速直線飛行爬昇以遠離地面．進階：戰機任務電腦根據飛行姿態判斷飛行員發生迷向，主動警告飛行員趕快按鈕改出．終階：戰機任務電腦根據飛行姿態判斷飛行員發生迷向，主動介入並自動改出．）也將納入

雖然超級蟲第一代的戰力還沒完全戰備，但Block II的改良計畫已經開始。Block 2的重點在於APG-79 AESA雷達，除了高解析度的SAR能例外，波音也說明了空對空性能的優點：傳統雷達的射控距離其實比AMRAAM的射程還短（英國佬不知道在哭個什麼勁，非要衝壓推進不可），而AESA則讓雷達的射控距離首度比AMRAAM還遠，配上射程加長的新一代AIM-120 C7將成為超視距空戰王者（搞不好會超過F-14+AIM-54）。

http://www.eurofighter.starstreak.net/Eurofighter/sensors.html
Traditionally each sensor in an aircraft has been treated as a discrete source of information. However this can result in conflicting data and hence an increased pilot workload. Additionally it limits the ability to effectively automate systems. To overcome this the Typhoon employs what is now known as sensor fusion techniques (in a similar fashion to the U.S. F-22 Raptor). Considering that the Typhoons avionics systems are still based on a typical distributed, or federated system (i.e. individual components linked via a standard databus) rather than a centralised architecture (which the F-22 has gone some way towards implementing) this seems like quite an achievement.

In the Eurofighter this fusion of all data sources is achieved through the Attack and Identification System, or AIS. The AIS combines all data from the major on-board sensors along with any information obtained from off-board platforms such as AWACS, ASTOR, JSTARS or even other Eurofighters via the Multi-function Information Distribution System, or MIDS link. Additionally the AIS integrates all the other major offensive and defensive systems such as the; DASS, Navigation, ACS and Communications.

The physical design of the AIS comprises of essentially two separate units; the Avionic Computer (AC) and Navigation Computer (NC). These are linked via the STANAG-3910 databus to the other major systems such as the ACS, ECR-90/CAPTOR, PIRATE, etc. Both the NC and AC are identical in design and comprise a modular system based on Motorola 68020 CPUs with 68882 Maths co-processors. In addition several custom RISC based processors are utilised to accelerate floating point and matrix operations.

By having such a single source of information pilot workload should be reduced by removing the possibility of conflicting data and the need for cross-checking, improving situational awareness and increasing systems automation. In practice the AIS should allow the Eurofighter to identify targets at distances in excess of 150 nm and acquire and auto-prioritise them at over 100nm. In addition the AIS offers the ability to automatically control emissions from the aircraft, so called EMCON (from EMissions CONtrol). This should aid in limiting the detectability of the Typhoon by opposing aircraft further reducing pilot workload.

（由此可看出先進資料鏈網路作戰＋資訊融合科技對空優作戰的助益之大：歐洲戰機因此甚至可以在維持雷達靜默的狀態下，在距離敵機280公里外便能初步辨識敵機身分，而在185公里以外處即可執行目標捕捉與攻擊優先順序之排定，足可充份利用衝壓推進AAM所帶來的長程優勢．）

歐洲戰機（可能）的標準ＢＶＲ空戰模式
1. 初步偵測識別敵機：
A. 資料鏈：280公里以上
B. 本機雷達：130~160公里（一般戰機大小目標），320公里級（大型空中目標）
C. 本機光電：55~92公里（實戰狀況），148公里（理想狀態）
2. 目標捕捉與攻擊優先順序之排定
A. 資料鏈：185公里以上
B. 本機雷達射控：100公里以上

3. 戰機加速至1.8Mach級，距敵機30~40公里（AIM-120）或60~80公里（流星）處發射主動雷達導引中長程AAM．

A: well.................英國佬確實是有這樣的雄心壯志

3.但這些平台都不能保證滿足最惡劣的戰況，所以戰機雷達+MRAAM還是BVR的王道。

A: 有老美當義兄最大的好處之一在於：除非蘇聯帝國重生，否則要碰上最惡劣的戰況的機會還真不容易，也比其他國家更有本錢玩些離經叛道兼標新立異的玩意兒

4.搜索空間加大四倍，可能主要是寬度而不是距離，因為永遠在TWS的CAPTOR在角度上的優勢很明顯。而天線孔徑與功率的優勢則不明顯。更何況APG-73的偵測距離也比APG-68遠。

A: 這點方面在下沒資料，不敢妄言；不過聽某老英網友的說法，CAPTOR雷達的發射功率也不低：約為AN/APG-65的兩倍

5.其實以前美軍F-15換裝AESA的時候就有說，AIM-7的射程比雷達短，但AMRAAM的射程就比APG-63的有效射控距離遠，想想看，APG-63好大一片耶。

A:
http://www.eurofighter.com/Documents/General/2002.1.FactBook.pdf
根據該文獻中Page 9英國佬的宣傳示意圖說法，CAPTOR的探測射控距離範圍的能耐應該更再AN/APG-63之上

6.不過，我想到一件事情了，英國佬哭短的原因不是最大射程，而是NEZ。也就是說，他們在意的是終端彈道的剩餘動能多寡，所以其實也沒有哭AMRAAM的最大射程太短。

A:
a. Meteor最初標榜的是距離範圍20至80公里範圍內的無逃脫獵殺區，而最近的性能宣傳甚至標榜可以宰掉90至100公里外以9G機動的飛行目標。

A:
增加百分之五十的是最大起飛重量，單比標準空戰構型重量的話，F-16E/F的大概比F-16C/D重上15%左右，但是推力提升幅度卻有35%．

此外洛馬聲稱CFT對F-16之氣動性能影響極微小，幾乎可以忽略不計．

如果一切屬實的話，再加上先進軟體飛控程式之協助，F16E/F的飛行性能便只會在C/D型之上．

F-16E/F Block 60/62

空重：9,300公斤
全備重量：22,700公斤
內載燃油 + CFT：4,520公斤
最大外載：8,700公斤

標準攔截起飛重量：15,200公斤（個人估計）.....推重比0.97

標準空戰重量：12,500~13,000 kg （個人估計）......推重比1.14~1.18

澳洲決定提早到2010年就讓F-111退休。在F-35正式服役之前，澳洲將依賴升級的F-18（尤其是距外攻擊武器）與新加油機抵擋大規模殺傷能力的武裝袋鼠。

印度公開一張IL-76替兩架Su-30MKI加油的照片，不知道剛剛取得轟六替J-8加油能力的中國人會不會很羨慕。

一擊必殺AEON環宇軍武獨立國協武器專區

俄羅斯廠商持續改進Su-27系列戰機的AL-31F系列發動機

俄羅斯航空新聞網2003年12月17日與俄塔社18日報導：據MMPP Salyut(莫斯科禮炮機器製造廠)總設計師艾瑪奴伊爾-格里吉斯基上星期三宣稱，該廠正在進行Su-27系列戰機的發動機AL-31F第二階段的改良工作，改良後它的推力將增加1.6公噸（15.68KN），新技術新材料使其維修和使用壽命大幅度增長。

他說，現在已經完成了第一階段改良型發動機AL-31FM1的工廠測試，它的推力從12.5公噸（122.50KN）增加到13.3公噸（130.34KN），也就是增加了800公斤力（7.84KN）。在改良的第二階段，推力將至少達到14.1公噸（138.18KN）。這種發動機將在2004年2月完成，稱為AL-31FM2。

他還說，這種發動機有專門的燃氣發生器，如果在第一階段發動機AL-31FM1的燃氣溫度提高攝氏25度，不會引起本身結構大的修改和改變材料，而發動機AL-31FM2的燃氣溫度則提高攝氏100度，所以必須研製和採用更耐高溫的合金和新冷卻技術的新型渦輪葉片。

航空發動機AL-31FM2的測試於明年2月份開始，工作大約進行四個月。這項工作將與巴拉諾夫中央航空發動機研究院(ЦИАМ)合作進行。ЦИАМ有獨一無二的模擬所有實際飛行條件和發動機工作過程的測試系統。在新型合金和材料方面將與全俄航空材料研究院合作。

他指出，AL-31FM2將可迅速裝備於Su－27改良型飛機上。由於飛機的推進裝置由兩具發動機組成，所以，增加的推力總和超過3公噸（2.940KN）。這將極大地提高作戰飛機的動力裝備。

老美空軍未來軍用發動機科技研發計畫與展望
老美自1987年展開的整合式高性能渦扇發動機研科技研發計畫（IHPTET）即將告一段落，並且已圓滿達成2005年軍機引擎“Propulsion Capability”較計畫開始時提升兩倍的目標，其具體成果如下：

F-15, F-16 + F-100/110系列：
l 引擎壽命提升50%．
l 推力提升約25%．
l 作戰航程提升7%．
l 減少十三億美金的Disk更換費用．
l 減少二十五億美金的全壽命開支費用．

F/A-18 E/F + F-414系列：
l 推力提升約20%，或是減少十至二十億美金的ownership cost．
l 作戰航程提升5%．
l 增進Time on wing．
l 增進Readiness．

F/A-22 + F-119系列：
l 推力提升約10%．
l 作戰航程提升5%．
l 預定減少十二億五千萬美金的全壽命開支費用．

第一階段目標：

全球鷹UAV + AE3007引擎：
* 任務酬載增加50%，或滯空時間增加65%．
* 增加超過兩倍的可用Power．

H-60/AH-64：
* 減少20%操作與後勤補保費用．
* 增加20%引擎壽限．
* 在同樣作戰航程下，增加80%任務酬載．
* 在同樣任務酬載下，增加兩倍作戰半徑．

先進超音速巡航長程打擊載具：
* 二點四馬赫級長程超音速巡航打擊作戰．
* 作戰半徑提升30%．
* 預定減少九十億美金的全壽命開支費用．
* 出擊架次率提高三倍 + 即時反應能力．

次音速UCAV：
* 作戰半徑增加一點五倍，或是三倍滯空時間．
* 預定減少超過十三億美金的全壽命開支費用．

超音速UCAV：
* 長程超音速巡航能力．
* 出擊架次率提高兩三倍 + 即時反應能力．

第二階段目標：

超音速打擊飛彈：
* 兩倍射程．
* 三點五馬赫級巡航能力．
* 即時反應能力．

無人偵查／預警機：
* 2.1倍滯空時間．
* 以兩架載具達成一天24小時，一週七天全時值勤．

未來運輸直昇機（CH-47後繼者）：
* FCS運輸能力．
* 航程提升四倍或酬載提高兩倍．
* 全球獨立部署能力．

http://tw.club.yahoo.com/clubs/AEON--ARMY--4/

法國“幻象-2000D”機群裝備SCALP EG空射巡弋飛彈

據英國《詹氏防衛周刊》2003年12月24日報導，法國空軍（FAF）獲得500枚SCALP EG空射巡弋飛彈的第一批，並把這種武器用在其幻象-2000D攻擊型戰機上。另一方面還期待在2006年把其裝備在新一代颶風（Rafale）多功能戰鬥機上。

製造SCALP EG空射巡弋飛彈和其姐妹彈風暴之影的歐洲飛彈集團MBDA公司的首席執行官Marwan Lahoud於上周證實了1998年初訂購的飛彈已首次交貨。

Lahoud說，10月份開始交貨，將延續到2007年，包括已經在戴高樂號航空母艦上服役的颶風戰機的艦載型使用的武器。

法國是使用SCALP EG/風暴之影飛彈的第二個國家。在伊拉克作戰中，3月21日英國皇家空軍首次發射了風暴之影飛彈。其後，在伊拉克自由作戰中英國皇家空軍的龍捲風GR4發射了26枚風暴之影。迄今，義大利也採購了風暴之影/SCALP EG飛彈，而阿拉伯聯合大公國獲得其衍生型──Black Shaheen。

Black Shaheen的預量產型已經交貨給阿拉伯聯合大公國。Lahoud說，正式交貨暫時還沒開始。Black Shaheen預計裝備在阿布達比附近的幻象-2000-9戰鬥機。

誰說猛禽戰機會有飛彈射程不足之缺憾：

＃　老美預定分三階段提升AIM-120 and AIM-9X的性能：

第一階段：預定2005年前達成，射程提升25%，平均時速提高10%
第二階段：預定2010年前達成，射程提升50%，平均時速提高20%
第三階段：預定2015年前達成，射程提升100%，平均時速提高30%

＃　老美空軍於1997年四月正式展開AIM-120 and AIM-9X共同後繼者AAM計畫：先進吸氣式雙射程空對空飛彈計畫（AADRM）．老美的目標擺在2020年進入成軍服役階段並同時取代現有的AIM-120 and AIM-9X，對其性能要求更是令人髮指：

a. 體型必須能在4公尺長，0.5公尺高，上底寬1.8公尺，下底寬2.5公尺的梯形內載彈艙內裝入六至八枚．

b. 可能採用AESA尋標器＋Conformal array seeker technology，off-boresight高達155度以上．

c. 能宰掉450公尺內至185公里外的一切高機動空中目標，流星飛彈兩三倍的”無逃脫獵殺範圍”．

d. 未來預定性能展示：
* 在射程185公里處展現30G機動．
* 母機在以3000公尺高，0.8馬赫飛行，朝45度off-boresight，450公尺外對頭飛行加上九ｇ高機動目標開火，五秒內擊落目標．
* 攔截不同距離，6000公尺高度，0.9馬赫對頭飛行目標：
9.2公里處目標：8秒左右攔截，此時飛彈時速約1,220m/s
36.8公里處目標：24秒左右攔截，此時飛彈時速約1,525m/s
92.6公里處目標：61秒左右攔截，此時飛彈時速約1,525m/s
185公里處目標：152秒左右攔截，此時飛彈時速約1,220m/s

簡而言之：AADRM要求飛彈飛到185公里外還能時速近四馬赫並能大玩30G級機動．

＃雷達：
ECR-90的水平搜索角度可達左右70度，天線孔徑70公分級，對標準戰鬥機級空中目標的探索距離可達160 km PLUS，對於大型轟炸機目標的探索距離則可達320 km；2010年換裝AESA天線之後，探測距離可望再提升50%．

＃IRST：
EF-2000的IRST在一般狀況下可以於74 km plus處發覺一般噴射戰機目標，其能追蹤掌握多達五百個空中目標，且定位精度高達小於0.25 mrad．

＃作戰半徑：
1. 四中二短再加七千磅攻擊武裝：低攻低回650公里作戰半徑
2. 基本空戰掛載 + 三枚LGB + 兩枚ARM + 雷射導引莢艙：hi-lo-hi 1390公里級作戰半徑

座艙航電：
當時F-16 C/D Block50還沒進行航電升級，自然無啥好比的：（F-16）兩具4.5 x 4.5 平方英寸單色CRT v.s (EF-2000)三具6 x 6平方英寸彩色CRT（稍後改換為LCD）， 當然被颱風扁好玩的．不過在另一方面，試飛員對F-16的側置搖桿與氣泡式座艙罩設計的評價要比颱風戰機所採用的中置操縱桿與有框架座艙罩設計來得高，而颱風戰機上的有聲飛行警告系統也讓該試飛官常感十分抓狂．

雷達：ECR-90的”detection range”是AN/APG-68的三倍．

加速性能：
在四中二短標準空戰構型下，颱風戰機自海平面高度衝至四萬呎高度所需時間約一分半，且可輕易達到1.8馬赫級飛行時速，而F-16A MLU在同樣構型下，自海平面高度衝至四萬呎高度則約需時兩分鐘，且極速無法突破1.6馬赫級；在直線加速上，EF-2000也明顯比F-16為強，特別是在馬赫1.2至1.6之加速階段．

轉變性能：
颱風戰機曾在航展表演100節低速飛行，然後360度迴轉，最後以時速200節改出；試飛員稱當時的轉彎半徑略低於七百公尺，且聲言可以在時速三百節七ｇ的狀況下維持同樣的轉彎半徑．據稱這樣的轉彎性能要比戰隼，黃蜂或疾風都強，且颱風還有更大的剩餘推力．

EF-2000的空重約比F-16C/D重上15~20%（現在應該已上升至重上約27%），卻擁有多出約75%的最大軍推與多出約50%的後燃推力，加上多出約60%的內載燃料，因此歐洲戰機公司聲稱颱風戰機擁有超音速巡航與作戰航程的優勢．．．．．．

不過該名挪威試飛官對IDR吐槽曰：”就俺個人的試飛經驗而言，實在不覺得颱風寶貝的滯空時間有比F-16 A/B MLU長到那裡去.............”

芬蘭進行F-18C/D的改良，包括APX-111 敵友識別器、JHMCS與AIM-9X發射架。

ａ：大概至少到2007年以前，颱風戰機的主要角色扮演都是”西歐的經國號”－本土空防攔截機，1500公升型油箱既增不了多少程，又不能帶著兩三個還能飆馬赫1.6，和老英流”F-pole”空優論格格不入，被放棄倒也不足為奇．

F-pole理論
1. The fastest fighter with the fastest missile is often the winner.
2. The distance between the fighter and the target at missile impact (the fireball) should be as long as possible.

反觀以色列的F-16與美國的F-18E/F都用2700公升的600加侖副油箱硬撐航程。